What are the Time Operators in Quantum Mechanics? I don't understand at all what the time operators are in quantum mechanics. I thought that given a wave function, because it's a function of time, we could simple put in any time in the future to find it's time evolution. What is this time operator, why is it unitary, and how does it work?
 A: There is no time operator in quantum mechanics. At least, there's no nontrivial time operator. You could have an operator whose action is just to multiply a function by $t$, but time is a parameter in QM, so the operator will never do anything more complicated than that. Its eigenfunctions wouldn't be terribly useful either because they would just be delta functions in time; they don't obey the Schroedinger equation.
There is, however, a time evolution operator, $U(t_f,t_i)$ (so it's really an operator-valued function of two variables). Given a quantum state $\lvert\psi\rangle$, then $U(t_f,t_i)\lvert\psi\rangle$ is the state you would get  at time $t_f$ from solving the Schroedinger equation with $\lvert\psi\rangle$ as your initial condition at time $t_i$. In other words, if $\lvert\Psi(t)\rangle$ is a quantum state-valued function of time, then if you take
$$i\hbar\frac{\partial}{\partial t}\lvert\Psi(t)\rangle = H\lvert\Psi(t)\rangle$$
as a given, you have
$$U(t_f,t_i)\lvert\Psi(t_i)\rangle = \lvert\Psi(t_f)\rangle$$
You can show from this that
$$U(t_f,t_i) = e^{iH(t_f - t_i)/\hbar}$$
and given that $H$ is hermitian, $U$ will be unitary.
