The answer given by @Danu is correct. This is an elaboration of your case where the centripetal force varies.
Two things can occur when the centripetal force varies:
Case 1:
The tangential velocity varies by an appropriate amount to maintain circular motion.
Basically $$F_{\mathrm{centripetal}}=m\frac{v^2}r$$ should satisfy with the new force and velocity.
If this is the case, the power delivered is still $0$, as the force is still perpendicular to the velocity.
Case 2:
Velocity doesn't vary by an appropriate amount. So $$F_{\mathrm{centripetal}}\neq m\frac{v^2}r$$
This will cause the object to obtain a non-zero radial component of velocity. The motion will no longer be circular, and the velocity will no longer be perpendicular to force.
In this case power will be given by $P=\vec F\cdot\vec v$, which can be simplified to $P=Fv_{\mathrm{radial}}$