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I know that the typical setup with a camera will place the CMOS sensor at I(3) in the image below, and that this magnification is dictated by the tube lens focal length f_tl and the effective focal length of the Objective, f_obj. Namely, M = f_tl / f_obj. However, I want to put the CMOS camera behind another lens to get more magnification out of the system (e.g. where the eye is, it gets a magnified image from the eyepiece). Any references on how to do this/design it?
This would result in an aberrated image. To increase magnification of the objective simply use a longer EFL tube lens. Note that if your system is diffraction limited you would be sacrificing field of view without any improvement in resolution. Also, using a longer-than-designed-for tube lens you cannot benefit from the increased numerical aperture of a higher magnification objective.
See magnification & FOV in this link: https://www.thorlabs.com/newgrouppage9.cfm?objectgroup_id=5834
