I’m trying to charge a capacitor. Would a bridge rectifier charge it like a battery would? Since a bridge rectifier converts ac to dc. Will this charge my capacitor to max capacity how hooking it up to a battery would? The positive is charging the anode, while the cathode is grounded. Any reason why this circuit would not work? When just trying to convert ac to do soley for the purpose of successfuly charging a capacitor.

 A: The circuit you've shown does not work as you can see in this simulation:
https://tinyurl.com/y3dkokdy
Probably you are referring to the single-way full-wave rectifier circuit or else known centre-tapped rectifier and not the more familiar double-way full-wave or else known bridge rectifier in which however the use of center-tapped transformer in the secondary winding is mandatory. The center tap connection in this case acts like the neutral thus the ground:

Here is a simulation of this circuit with the filter capacitor and a $1KΩ$ load:
https://tinyurl.com/y6zkwoyp
The transformer winding ratio is 1:1.
The $1:1$ windings ratio in transformers called also isolation transformers installed before the main appliance control fuse panel connection is usually used for isolating the mains appliance from the ground so that a user accidentally touching a hot wire does not get electrocuted via the ground and without blowing any fuses at the mains control panel since there is no ground (Earth) connection back to the mains supply (CAUTION! does not offer protection when touching both hot and neutral wires in any installation or simultaneously different live hot wires L1 L2 L3 in a 3-phase installation).

Note: Green waveform indicates voltage and yellow waveform current.
CAUTION DANGER!!: THE CENTRE-TAPPED TRANSFORMER SHOWN ABOVE IN A $1:1$ CONFIGURATION CANNOT IN ANY CIRCUMSTANCES USED AS AN ISOLATION TRANSFORMER. DANGER OF ELECTROCUTION. ESPECIALLY FOR COUNTRIES WHICH ARE USING 240V MAINS ELECTRICITY. SEE BELOW FIGURE (STILL $120V$ ARE PRESENT!).

Please read here:https://www.soundonsound.com/sound-advice/crosstalk-readers-writes
A: 
Would this circuit charge the capacitor with the cathode to the ground outside?

No, there's no complete circuit by which current flows from the transformer secondary to the capacitor and back to the other terminal of the transformer secondary.
