There is a nice method that lets you solve the Schroedinger Equation in 1d numerically, by discretizing space. Tranforming the Eigenfunction problem into an eigenvector problem with a finite-dimensional matrix that can be diagonalized. After finding the eigenvalues (Eigenenergies), the eigenvectors can be computed directly. The i-th entry of one of these eigenvectors is the amplitude of the corresponding wavefunction at position $x_i$.
The algorithm is explained here by a stackexchange user (he wrote this in response to a question regarding a similar topic):
I'm glad I can finally answer this.
Numerov's method as described on Wikipedia is not how you want to proceed here. To give you an idea of how to proceed, let's start with a simplified version of the method. What I'm going to do is to just naively discretize the differential operator, like so:
$$ \frac{d^2}{dx^2}\psi \approx \frac{\psi(x-d)-2\psi(x) +\psi(x+d)}{d^2} \equiv \frac{\psi_{n-1} - 2 \psi_n + \psi_{n+1}}{d^2}$$
The last equation is just a definition -- I'm treating space as if it's a lattice with points $d$ apart and I'm calling $\psi_n$ the value of the wavefunction on the $n$th point.. Now the Schrödinger equation reads in this notation:
$$-\frac{\hbar}{2m}\frac{\psi_{n-1} - 2 \psi_n + \psi_{n+1}}{d^2} + V_n \psi_n = E \psi_n$$
But this is a matrix equation! Let me be more explicit:
$$\begin{align} -\frac{\hbar}{2md^2}&\left(\begin{array}{cccccccc} -2 & 1 & & & \\ 1 & -2 & 1 & & \\ &\ddots&\ddots&\ddots& \\ & & 1 & -2 & 1 \\ & & & 1 & -2 \\ \end{array}\right) \left(\begin{array}{c} \psi_1 \\ \psi_2 \\ \vdots \\ \psi_{N-1} \\ \psi_N \end{array}\right) +\\ &\qquad\qquad\quad\left(\begin{array}{cccccccc} V_1 & & & & \\ & V_2 & & & \\ & & \ddots & & \\ & & & V_{N-1} & \\ & & & & V_N\\ \end{array}\right)\left(\begin{array}{c} \psi_1 \\ \psi_2 \\ \vdots \\ \psi_{N-1} \\ \psi_N \end{array}\right) = E \left(\begin{array}{c} \psi_1 \\ \psi_2 \\ \vdots \\ \psi_{N-1} \\ \psi_N \end{array}\right) \end{align}$$
Of course, I had to pick some integer $N$ that just corresponds to placing the system in a box that's "big enough" in order to have a finite system.
It is clear now that what you have is a matrix eigenvalue problem of the form
$$A\psi = E \psi$$
and you may proceed to diagonalize it in whatever way you choose. Note that we call $A$ a tridiagonal matrix, for obvious reasons. You might want to take care of the boundary conditions first -- you do that by setting $\psi_1 = \psi_n = 0$ before you construct the matrix, which corresponds to setting the first and last columns to zero. This will give you some spurious eigenfunctions with zero eigenvalue that you can just discard. If you have different boundary conditions, you're out of luck -- I don't know of a way that makes it work in general.
Now you just have to redo the above with the full Numerov's method, which will be a bit more complicated, and you're all set.
This seems to be the way you're looking for but of course it's not the only way to do this. Griffiths describes one called "wag the dog" that consists of the following: you guess an initial value for an energy and compute the wavefunction however you want (RK, for instance). Chances are it won't be an eigenvalue so the wavefunction will blow up at infinity. It might go to $+\infty$ for large $x$ or it might go to $-\infty$. You now slowly vary the energy until the behavior at infinity "flips", that is, until the tail "wags". That will allow you to constrain the value of a single energy eigenvalue and give you the form of the wavefunction out to some maximum size that increases as the chosen $E$ approaches the exact eigenvalue.
For a real physical potential, the matrix is symmetric and real. As far as I'm aware this means that the eigenvectors have all real entries (or all complex, but then one can extract a global phase). Analytical solutions to certain potential however do have complex wavefunctions.
The procedure only works with the following inital condition: The eigenfunctions need to be zero at the boundaries (e.g. in the setting of an "infinite well")
Is this the reason why the wavefunctions are all real?
When looking at practical problems this should not be much of an issue as one could just define the relevant potential in the middle far away from the boundaries.
