# How to solve the Biot-Savart Law?

I've currently trying to learn electromagnetism in depth and I tried to solve the Biot-Savart law, for a magnetic field generated by a current. $$\vec{B} = \frac{\mu_0}{4 \pi} \int{\frac{I \; \hat{r} \times \mathrm{d} \vec{\ell}}{r^2}}$$ When I looked up for information on how to solve the equation, there are always simplifications, like: $$B = \frac{\mu_0}{4 \pi} \int{\frac{I \; \mathrm{d} \ell \sin{\theta}}{r^2}} \rightarrow B = \frac{\mu_0 I}{2 \pi R}$$

Edit: It is possible to solve this integral in a vectorial form and without the need of simplification for the magnetic field in a straight wire carrying a current? Would you be able to arrive to a solution similar to the one of the electric field generated by an electric current in a straight wire $$\frac{\lambda}{2 \pi \varepsilon_0 r} \hat{r}$$ (which you arrive using Gauss's law)?

• What is the example you want to solve it for? Nov 18, 2021 at 23:13
• For deriving the magnetic field expression in a vectorial form, in a similar way of the electric field $E = \frac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_0} \frac{Q}{r^2} \hat{r}$. Nov 18, 2021 at 23:16
• Related : (1) A generalization of the Biot-Savart law. (2) Magnetic field due to a single moving charge. See equation (02) in the first link. Nov 18, 2021 at 23:57
• I'm still a bit confused by the question. As far as I'm concerned, the Biot-Savart law is the solution - if you provide the current density $\mathbf J$ everywhere in space, then you just integrate it as per Biot-Savart to obtain the magnetic field (assuming that the conditions for Biot-Savart to be applicable are satisfied). Of course, for all but the simplest current configurations the integral will not have a nice closed form, but it's unclear what else you are looking for beyond the explicit formula for $\mathbf B$ which you've provided. Nov 19, 2021 at 1:36
• $\uparrow$ The form of Biot-Savart I refer to is $\mathbf B(\mathbf r) = \frac{\mu_0}{4\pi} \int \mathrm d^3 r' \mathbf J(\mathbf r') \times (\mathbf r-\mathbf r')/ |\mathbf r-\mathbf r'|^3$ Nov 19, 2021 at 1:38

$$d \vec{B} = \frac{\mu_0 I d \vec{\ell} \times \vec{r}}{4 \pi r^3}$$
$$d \vec{B} = \frac{\mu_0 I d \vec{\ell} \times \hat{r}}{4 \pi r^2}$$
$$B$$ = magnetic flux density; $$I$$ = current in wire; $$\ell$$ = length of wire; $$r$$ = distance of a point in the field to a segment of the wire; $$\mu_0$$ = magnetic permeability of free space.