# Energy of the triplet states and the singlet states

When dealing with a system of two spin-$$1/2$$ particles, we use the singlet and triplet states as a common basis for the complete set of commuting observables $$\{\hat S ^2,\hat S_z, \hat S_{z,1}, \hat S_{z,2}\}$$, where $$\hat {\mathbf S}=\hat {\mathbf S}_1+\hat {\mathbf S}_2$$:

$$\left.\begin{array}{ll} |1,1\rangle & =\uparrow \uparrow \\ |1,0\rangle & =\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(\uparrow \downarrow+\downarrow \uparrow) \\ |1,-1\rangle & =\downarrow \downarrow \\ \end{array}\right\} \quad s=1 \quad \text { (triplet) } \\ \left.|0,0\rangle=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(\uparrow \downarrow-\downarrow \uparrow)\right\} \quad s=0 \quad \text { (singlet) }$$

It is said that the singlet state has lower energy than those states of the triplet, which I think makes sense since in the singlet state there are no unpaired particles, whereas in the triplet state the particles are unpaired. My question is: what is the energy associated to these states? And, are states of the triplet state all of the same energy?

It's not necessarily the case, It depends on your Hamiltonian. It's true for the case of Hyperfine interaction, where in addition to the Coulomb interaction, there exists another interaction between the electron and proton in the Hydrogen atom. The Hamiltonian describing this interaction, which is due to the magnetic moments of the two particles is, $$H_{\text{hf}}=A\mathbf{S}_1\cdot \mathbf{S}_2\ \ \ (A>0)$$ $$H_\text{hf}$$ splits the ground state into two levels: \begin{align*} E_+&= -\text{Ry}+\frac{\hbar^2A}{4}\\ E_- &= -\text{Ry}-\frac{3\hbar^2 A}{4} \end{align*}