It depends on many factors such as the reentry velocity of the object, its shape (cone-spherical, etc.), what the planet's atmosphere is made of, whether it enters at some shallow angle and also the altitude where there's density variations in atmosphere, etc.
Googling on this, could return you a lot of results. And, all results matched a certain value. Here's the Wiki article on Thermal Protection which has its first phrase...
The Space Shuttle thermal protection system (TPS) is the barrier that protected the Space Shuttle Orbiter during the searing 1,650 °C (3,000 °F) heat of atmospheric reentry. A secondary goal was to protect from the heat and cold of space while on orbit
It's clear that it's nearly 4 times lower than the temperature of sun (5500 °C) When you hear things which you doubt, you should be skeptical and be sure to google it first...
And of course, a space shuttle entering at a bad angle (as you say) can have temperatures very much higher than $T_{sun}$. Here's a Wiki link (suggested by Gugg)
For example, a spacecraft entering the atmosphere at 7.8 km/s would experience a peak shock layer temperature of 7800 K.
But, it's still lower than the temperature of corona.
Your question's title is somewhat ambiguous. There are infinitely many number of celestial objects that are at a higher temperature than the sun (probably higher than its core).