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Density Functional Theory (DFT) does not predict the correct band gap (E$_{g})$ of the materials. Which exchange and correlation functional predicts the E$_{g}$ value exactly?

What about the HOMO-LUMO gap? Can we use HOMO-LUMO gap (for non-periodic structures) instead of the gap observed in the density of states and band structures?

Note: Density Functional Theory is, in principle, an exact theory. However, DFT needs an important ingredient known as "exchange and correlation (XC) functional". Since the exact XC functional is still unknown, it has to be approximated. It is often said that the failure to predict properties accurately is because of the use of approximate XC functional.

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    $\begingroup$ Part of what makes this site enjoyable for everyone, is that even if one is not able to answer, many times one can still understand the question. This question uses a lot of technical jargon and abbreviations. It would be good if OP (or somebody else?) could make this question more broadly readable. $\endgroup$ – Qmechanic♦ Apr 18 '13 at 19:16
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which functional gives close value to the experimentally observed band gap of semiconductors

Different functionals are accurate under different circumstances, so you can't make a blanket statement that one functional gives accurate band gaps for semiconductors. The only way to know when various functionals are and are not trustworthy is to use them in order to become familiar with their strengths and limitations. Personally I suggest to choose a small number of well known functionals (I use PBE and B3LYP) and stick to those unless you know why some other functional is more appropriate for a given situation.

What about the HOMO-LUMO gap? Can we use HOMO-LUMO gap (for non-periodic structures) instead of the gap observed in density of states?

The band gap in periodic systems is the continuous version of the HOMO-LUMO gap for molecular systems, so there's no using one instead of the other. If you're asking whether the HOMO-LUMO gap of an isolated molecule is similar to the band gap for an atomic or molecular crystal, the answer is no, they're often totally different.

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  • $\begingroup$ @phyphenomenon Also, as you say, DFT is notorious for systematically underestimating band gaps, so if you want high precision numbers for band gaps then you'll anyway need to move to a better approximation such as the GW method. $\endgroup$ – Douglas B. Staple Apr 18 '13 at 15:43
  • $\begingroup$ The answer by Douglas B. Staple is useful. I have another question regarding this. Some researchers use Hydrogen atom termination, to model a non periodic finite sized 2D structure as a periodic one. Since this is a non periodic system, HOMO-LUMO gap only can be calculated. Here also the band gap is not similar to the periodic model? $\endgroup$ – phenomenon Apr 19 '13 at 4:15
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Some functionals are known to give closer aggreement with experiment.

If you want to stick to the DFT level, you can consider using hybrid functionals like the Tran-Blaha like the Tran-Blaha (TB09) functional which gives bandgap close to experiment for solids.

Be aware that the bandwith for example will still be underestimated TB compared with MBPT.

If you have enough computing power (depend on the size of your system), you could consider using many-body perturbation theory (MBPT) methods like the popular GW approximation.

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