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Have any known experiments ruled out travelling faster than the speed of light?

Or is this just a widely accepted theory?

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    $\begingroup$ It is certainly true that particles can be given kinetic energies many millions of times their rest mass without exceeding the speed of light. This goes on regularly with electrons in the CEBAF accelerator at Jefferson Lab, and both SLAC and LEP II used to use larger energies. $\endgroup$
    – dmckee --- ex-moderator kitten
    Apr 15, 2013 at 1:33
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    $\begingroup$ We've "ruled out" faster-than-light travel in the sense that we've never observed anything traveling faster than light, no matter how energetic. And our best theories for modeling reality forbid it mathematically (theories with overwhelming experimental support). $\endgroup$
    – Dmitry Brant
    Apr 15, 2013 at 1:36
  • $\begingroup$ @DmitryBrant that would make a pretty good answer $\endgroup$
    – David Z
    Apr 15, 2013 at 1:43
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    $\begingroup$ Science doesn't offer absolute proof of anything. For absolute proof, try religion. $\endgroup$
    – user4552
    Apr 15, 2013 at 1:50
  • $\begingroup$ Philosophically, no because there's no such thing as absolute proof outside of formal mathematics. The "widely accepted theory that lead cannonballs fall downward when dropped" is similarly impossible to prove absolutely. $\endgroup$
    – David H
    Apr 15, 2013 at 1:50

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This needs to be emphasized :

No theory, and Special Relativity that is used in physics to describe data is a theory, can be proven, in the way a mathematical theory can be proven with a QED at the end.Theories can only be validated by the agreement with the data on the predictions they make.

That is why the OPERA faster than light neutrinos (wrong) observation gripped our attention.

Even one falsification of a theory's predictions invalidates a theory and a new axiomatic formulation, a new theory, would have to be found .

There has been no falsification by experiment of special relativity.

That is the difference between physics and mathematics.

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I think the comments are explaining it just right...

Is there absolute proof that an object cannot exceed the speed of light?

No, there isn't. Similar to the statement that "there's no such thing as 100% efficiency", there doesn't exist an absolute proof to anything (especially in Physics)

Have any known experiments ruled out traveling faster than the speed of light?

No again. The speed of light and the particles traveling closer to speed of light are experimentally verified by the consequences like time dilation (for e.g. Muons). But, there are a lot of theories regarding the FTL because physicists showed a lot of interest back at 1950s on the subject "Tachyons"...

Or is this just a widely accepted theory?

SR is accepted widely because of the verifications it provided and the predictions it made. And for this reason, SR is most widely accepted all around. In fact, it's more useful in particle physics when accelerating particles to high energies.

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Yes, there is definitive, mathematical proof within the framework of general relativity that a mass cannot be accelerated to or beyond the speed of light...assuming relativity is correct and complete.

The next question is "Is relativity a correct and complete description of the universe?" No, it isn't. But it's pretty good, and it doesn't look like we're going to find a way around that particular speed limit.

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