# Noether currents for the BRST tranformation of Yang-Mills fields

The Lagrangian of the Yang-Mills fields is given by $$\mathcal{L}=-\frac{1}{4}(F^a_{\mu\nu})^2+\bar{\psi}(i\gamma^{\mu} D_{\mu}-m)\psi-\frac{1}{2\xi}(\partial\cdot A^a)^2+ \bar{c}^a(\partial\cdot D^{ab})c^b$$ where the metric is $(-,+,+,+)$, and the conventions are the following: $$[D_{\mu},D_{\nu}]=-igF_{\mu\nu},\quad D_{\mu}=\partial_{\mu}-igA^a_{\mu}t^a, \quad D^{ab}_{\mu}=\delta^{ab}\partial_{\mu}-gf^{abc}A^c_{\mu}$$

Let $\epsilon$ be an infinitesimal anticummuting parameter, and consider the BRST transformation: $$\delta\psi=ig\epsilon c^at^a\psi,\quad \delta A^a_{\mu}=\epsilon D^{ab}_{\mu}c^b,\quad \delta c^a=-\frac{1}{2}g\epsilon f^{abc}c^bc^c,\quad \delta\bar{c}^a=\frac{1}{\xi}\epsilon\partial^{\mu}A^a_{\mu}$$

I have calculated the corresponding Noether current as $$j_{BRST}^{\mu}=-g\bar{\psi}\gamma^{\mu}c^at^a\psi-F^{a\mu\nu}D^{ab}_{\nu}c^b- \frac{1}{\xi}(\partial\cdot A^a)D^{ab\mu}c^b+ \frac{1}{2}gf^{abc}(\partial^{\mu}\bar{c}^a)c^bc^c$$

I am not sure whether the result is correct or not, so I would like to check that $\partial_{\mu}j^{\mu}_{BRST}=0$. Even though I have used the equation of motion $$\partial_{\mu}F^{a\mu\nu}=-g\bar{\psi}\gamma^{\nu}t^a\psi- gf^{abc}A^b_{\mu}F^{c\mu\nu}-\frac{1}{\xi}\partial^{\nu} (\partial\cdot A^a)-gf^{abc}(\partial^{\nu}\bar{c}^b)c^c$$ $$(i\gamma^{\mu}D_{\mu}-m)\psi=0,\quad \partial^{\mu}D^{ab}_{\mu}c^b=0$$ and spent about four hours, I still cannot get it right. Could someone help me check this? Thanks a lot.

• You should first understand the (covariant-derivative-based) conservation law for the normal Yang-Mills current $j^\mu$ and the conservation of the BRST current should morally be a similar calculation except that the current is multiplied by $c$ and traced - and the coefficient of the $cc\bar c$ term is halved to make it work. – Luboš Motl Apr 6 '13 at 15:08
• Not sure if it's correct but I get $j^\mu=\left(-F^{\mu\sigma}\,^{a}+B^{a}\eta^{\mu\sigma}-g\eta^{\mu\sigma}f^{bac}\bar{c}^{b}c^{c}\right)\left(D_{\sigma}\,^{ac}c^{c}\right)+g\bar{\psi}\gamma^{\mu}c^{a}t^{a}\psi-\frac{1}{2}g^{2}f^{cba}f^{ade}A^{\mu}\,^{b}\bar{c}^{c}c^{d}c^{e}-\frac{1}{2}gf^{abc}\bar{c}^{a}\partial^{\mu}c^{b}c^{c}+\frac{1}{2}gf^{abc}\left( \partial^{\mu} \bar{c}^{a}\right)c^{b}c^{c}$ – PPR Jul 4 '14 at 14:06

The crucial point is the anticommutation of $$\epsilon$$ with fermion fields ($$\psi,\bar\psi,\bar{c}^a,c^a$$).

First, we will rewrite $$\mathcal{L}$$ as (for simplicity, we define $$B^a \equiv \xi^{-1}\partial^\mu A_\mu^a$$)

$$\tag{1} \mathcal{L}=-\frac{1}{4}(F^a_{\mu\nu})^2+\bar{\psi}(i\gamma^{\mu} D_{\mu}-m)\psi-\frac{\xi}{2}B^aB^a- \partial^{\mu}\bar{c}^a D_{\mu}^{ab}c^b$$

which differs from the original $$\mathcal{L}$$ by a total derivative,

$$\tag{2} \partial^{\mu}(\bar{c}^a D_{\mu}^{ab}c^b)$$

so $$\delta\mathcal{L}$$ no longer equals $$0$$, but

$$\tag{3} \delta\mathcal{L} = -\delta \partial^{\mu}(\bar{c}^a D_{\mu}^{ab}c^b) = \partial^{\mu}( -\delta\bar{c}^a D_{\mu}^{ab}c^b) = \partial^{\mu}\left(-\epsilon B^a D_{\mu}^{ab}c^b\right) \equiv \partial^{\mu} K_{\mu}$$

We will use Jacobi identity occasionally,

$$\tag{4} f^{abd}f^{dce} + f^{bcd}f^{dae} + f^{cad}f^{dbe} = 0$$

We will use right derivative in the following calculations. So the Noether current is defined as $$\tag{5} \epsilon j^{\mu} \equiv \frac{\partial\mathcal{L}}{\partial (\partial_{\mu}\psi)}\delta\psi + \frac{\partial\mathcal{L}}{\partial (\partial_{\mu}\bar\psi)}\delta\bar\psi + \frac{\partial\mathcal{L}}{\partial (\partial_{\mu}c^a)}\delta c^a + \frac{\partial\mathcal{L}}{\partial (\partial_{\mu}\bar{c}^a)}\delta\bar{c}^a + \frac{\partial\mathcal{L}}{\partial (\partial_{\mu}A_{\nu}^a)}\delta A_{\nu}^a - K^{\mu}$$

Now we will calculate the individual parts of the current, moving $$\epsilon$$ to the left of each expression. We'll get an extra minus sign if $$\epsilon$$ passes a fermion field,

\begin{aligned} \frac{\partial\mathcal{L}}{\partial (\partial_{\mu}\psi)}\delta\psi &= (\bar\psi i \gamma^{\mu}) (ig \epsilon c^a t^a \psi) = \epsilon\, g \bar\psi \gamma^{\mu} c^a t^a \psi \\ \frac{\partial\mathcal{L}}{\partial (\partial_{\mu}\bar\psi)}\delta\bar\psi &= 0 \\ \frac{\partial\mathcal{L}}{\partial (\partial_{\mu}c^a)}\delta c^a &= (-\partial^{\mu}\bar{c}^a)\left(-\frac{1}{2}g\epsilon f^{abc}c^bc^c\right) = -\frac{1}{2} \epsilon\, g f^{abc} (\partial^{\mu}\bar{c}^a) c^bc^c \\ \frac{\partial\mathcal{L}}{\partial (\partial_{\mu}\bar{c}^a)}\delta\bar{c}^a &= (g^{\mu\nu}D_\nu^{ab} c^b) \left(\epsilon B^a\right) = - \epsilon (g^{\mu\nu}D_\nu^{ab} c^b) B^a = K^{\mu}\\ \frac{\partial\mathcal{L}}{\partial (\partial_{\mu}A_{\nu}^a)}\delta A_{\nu}^a &= \left(-F^{a\mu\nu} - g^{\mu\nu} B^a\right)(\epsilon D_\nu^{ab} c^b) = \epsilon \left(-F^{a\mu\nu} - g^{\mu\nu}B^a\right)(D_\nu^{ab} c^b)\\ \end{aligned} \tag{6}

Inserting results from $$(6)$$ and $$(3)$$ into $$(5)$$ gives

$$\tag{7} j^\mu = \left(-F^{a\mu\nu} - g^{\mu\nu}B^a\right)D_\nu^{ab} c^b -\frac{1}{2} g f^{abc} (\partial^{\mu}\bar{c}^a) c^bc^c + g \bar\psi \gamma^{\mu} c^a t^a \psi$$

It's easy to derive the equations of motion,

\begin{aligned} 0= \frac{\partial\mathcal{L}}{\partial A_\nu^a} - \partial_\mu \frac{\partial\mathcal{L}}{\partial(\partial_\mu A_\nu^a)} &= D_\mu^{ab}F^{b\mu\nu} + \partial^\nu B^a + g \bar\psi \gamma^\nu t^a \psi + g f^{abc}(\partial^\nu \bar{c}^b) c^c \\ 0= \frac{\partial\mathcal{L}}{\partial\bar\psi} - \partial_\mu \frac{\partial\mathcal{L}}{\partial(\partial_\mu \bar\psi)} &= -i \gamma^\mu\partial_\mu\psi - g A_{\mu}^a \gamma^\mu t^a \psi + m \psi \\ 0= \frac{\partial\mathcal{L}}{\partial\psi} - \partial_\mu \frac{\partial\mathcal{L}}{\partial(\partial_\mu \psi)} &= -i \partial_\mu \bar\psi \gamma^\mu + g A_\mu^a \bar\psi \gamma^\mu t^a - m \bar\psi \\ 0= \frac{\partial\mathcal{L}}{\partial c^a} - \partial_\mu \frac{\partial\mathcal{L}}{\partial(\partial_\mu c^a)} &= D_\mu^{ab} \partial^\mu \bar{c}^b \\ 0= \frac{\partial\mathcal{L}}{\partial\bar{c}^a} - \partial_\mu \frac{\partial\mathcal{L}}{\partial(\partial_\mu \bar{c}^a)} &= -\partial^\mu D^{ab}_\mu c^b \\ \end{aligned} \tag{8a-e}

Now we will check the validation of $$\partial_\mu j^\mu = 0$$,

\begin{aligned} \partial_\mu \Bigl[ g \bar\psi \gamma^\mu c^a t^a \psi \Bigr] &\stackrel{(8b,8c)}{=} -\Bigl[ g \bar\psi \gamma^\nu t^a \psi \Bigr] D_\mu^{ad} c^d \\ \partial_\mu \left[ - \frac{1}{2}g f^{abc} (\partial^\mu \bar{c}^a) c^b c^c \right] &\stackrel{(4,8d)}{=} -\Bigl[ g f^{abc}(\partial^\nu \bar{c}^b) c^c \Bigr] D_\mu^{ad} c^d \\ \partial_\mu \Bigl[ (-F^{a\mu\nu} -B^a g^{\mu\nu}) D_\nu^{ab} c^b \Bigr] &\stackrel{(8e)}{=} -(\partial_\mu F^{a\mu\nu} + \partial^\nu B^a) D_\nu^{ad}c^d - F^{a\mu\nu} \partial_\mu D_\nu^{ad}c^d \\ &= -(D_\mu^{ab} F^{b\mu\nu} + \partial^\nu B^a) D_\nu^{ad}c^d \\ &\quad - (gf^{abc}A_\mu^c F^{b\mu\nu}) D_\nu^{ad} c^d - F^{a\mu\nu} \partial_\mu D_\nu^{ad}c^d \\ &\stackrel{(4)}{=} -(D_\mu^{ab} F^{b\mu\nu} + \partial^\nu B^a) D_\nu^{ad}c^d \\ \end{aligned} \tag{9a-c}

We'll get

$$\partial_\mu j^\mu \stackrel{(9a+9b+9c,8a)}{=} -\left( \frac{\partial\mathcal{L}}{\partial A_\nu^a} - \partial_\mu \frac{\partial\mathcal{L}}{\partial(\partial_\mu A_\nu^a)} \right) D_\nu^{ad}c^d \tag{10}$$

This is indeed the off-shell Noether identity, and is zero when the equations of motion are fulfilled.