The Ginzburg-Landau free energy is defined as $$F = \int dV \left \{\alpha |\psi|^2 + \frac{\beta}{2}|\psi|^4 + \frac{1}{2m^*} \left| \left(\frac{\hbar}{i}\nabla - \frac{e^*}{c}\vec{A}\right)\psi \right|^2 + \frac{h^2}{8\pi}\right \},$$ where $\vec{h}=\nabla\times \vec{A}$. The current equation is derived by taking the variation of the vector field $\vec{A}$. My concern is mainly about the variation of the last term in the free energy: $$\delta \int dV\,\left(\nabla\times \vec{A}\right)^2 = 2\oint_S \left(\delta \vec{A} \times \vec{h}\right)\cdot d\vec{S} + 2\int dV \,\delta\vec{A}\cdot \left(\nabla\times \vec{h}\right).$$ However, in arriving at the final current equation, usually the surface integral is ignored. Why is that so?
In the original paper of Ginzburg (above equation 9), he said:
... by varying this expression with respect to $\psi^*$ and $A$, we obtain the equations defining $\psi$ and $A$ (it must be assumed that ${\rm div} A = 0$)....
Is he implying that the surface term is ignored because $\nabla\cdot \vec{A}=0$? If so, why?
I can also think of other two possibilities:
- We manually require $\delta\vec{A}$ to vanish at surface boundary. If so, why is a similar requirement not applied to $\delta \psi^*$?
- We can also ignore the surface integral by an appropriate choice of gauge, which is complicated but exist.
What is your opinion?