Do cosmological event horizon evaporates like black-hole horizon?

While the inflation phase of the universe, expansion was exponential and so the universe was de Sitter-like. So, for a point-like observer, there was a cosmological event horizon. Do this horizon evaporates due to the emission of particles? If this horizon evaporates does this mean that the expansion tends to be naturally not in a de Sitter phase?

Edit:

What I've tried so far:

The temperature of the de Sitter horizon is: $$$$T=\frac{H}{2\pi}.$$$$ Where $$H=\frac{\dot{a}}{a}$$. The area of the horizon is: $$$$A=\frac{4\pi}{H^2}.$$$$ I don't know if I can do this but let's say that the luminosity inside de horizon due to Hawking radiations is $$L=\sigma A T^4$$, where $$\sigma$$ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant. Assuming that the energy associated to the Horizon is $$E_\text{dS}=\alpha H^2$$ ($$\alpha$$ is a proportionality constant), we thus have : $$$$\frac{d H^2}{dt}=-\frac{2\sigma}{\alpha (2\pi)^3}H^2.$$$$ Whose solution is: $$$$H(t)=H(0)e^{-\frac{\sigma}{\alpha (2\pi)^3}t}$$$$ Then, we find an $$a$$ of the following form: $$$$a(t)=C\,\text{exp}\left( -\frac{\alpha (2\pi)^3}{\sigma}H(0)e^{-\frac{\sigma}{\alpha (2\pi)^3}t} \right)$$$$ Which tends to $$0$$ at $$t\rightarrow-\infty$$, is exponential when $$t\sim0$$, and tends to give a Minkowski-like metric for $$t\rightarrow +\infty$$

• This discusses event horizons en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Event_horizon#Cosmic_event_horizon . I think you are confusing the Big Bang universe with a black hole event horizon ? Nov 20, 2020 at 19:25
• No I don't, these horizons come from different contexts (even though the Schwatzschild-de Sitter metric exists). I was thinking about the Gibbons-Hawking effect and the particle creation by a de Sitter horizon. Since those particles are created inside the horizon, in opposition to particles created by black holes, I thought that the energy associated to the horizon was increasing with time. So the radius of horizon should increase with time too, thus the expansion tends to not be in a de Sitter phase. But I am not sure about this. Nov 21, 2020 at 9:32
• sorry, it is not my field,so I cannot help you. Nov 21, 2020 at 12:22
• Hi Jeanbaptiste Roux@ I am very much confused about your usage: "inflation phase . . . cosmological event horizon". You seem to be saying that none of several definitions of a "cosmological event horizon" presented in the Wikipedia article match what you mean with respect to your question. It would be very helpful if you would post a reference to a specific definition which you have in mind. The Schwatzschild-de Sitter metric does not apply to cosmological inflation.
– Buzz
Nov 22, 2020 at 20:10
• I know that the de Schwarzschild-de Sitter metric does not apply to cosmological inflation. But I think de Sitter's does since inflation is conjectured to be an exponential expansion. This is why I used "cosmological event horizon" though I have to admit this is not a good naming. I meant by this a causal event horizon arising from this de Sitter phase. The radius of this event horizon should have been very small because of the very fast expansion of the universe in the inflation epoch. Nov 23, 2020 at 7:38

The observable universe, under eternal inflation from dark energy, will asymptotically evolve to a de Sitter spacetime. This spacetime is a vacuum configuration with a cosmological constant $$\Lambda$$. The stationary metric for this spacetime is $$ds^2~=~Adt^2~-~A(r)^{-1}dr^2~-~r^2d\Omega^2,~ A(r)~=~(1~-~\Lambda r^2/3)$$ A radial null geodesic with $$ds^2~=~0$$ and $$d\Omega^2~=~0$$ gives the velocity $${\dot r}~=~dr/dt$$ $$=~A(r)$$, where this pertains to both out and in going geodesics near the cosmological horizon $$r~=~\sqrt{3/\Lambda}$$ as measured from $$r~=~0$$. The total action for the motion of a particle is $$S~=~\int p_r dr$$ $$-~\int Hdt$$. Consider the bare action of massless particles, using methods found in [1], across the horizon from $$r$$ to $$r'$$, $$S~=~\int_r^{r'}p_rdr~=~\int_r^{r'}\int_0^{p_r}dp_rdr.$$ The radial velocity of a particle is $${\dot r}~=~dr/dt$$ $$=~dH/dp_r$$, which enters into the action as, $$S~=\int_r^{r'}\int_0^H{{dH'}\over{\dot r}}dr.$$ The field defines $$H^\prime~=~\hbar\omega'$$. The integration over frequencies is from $$E$$ to $$E~-~\omega$$, for the ADM energy. The action is properly written as $$S~=~-\hbar\int_r^{r'}\int_E^{E-\omega}{{d\omega'}\over{\dot r}}dr,$$ where the negative sign indicates the quanta is tunneling across the horizon to escape the Hubble region with radius The radial velocity $${\dot r}~=~\sqrt{\Lambda/3}r$$ defines the action $$S~=~-\hbar\int_r^{r'}\int_0^\omega{{d\omega dr}\over{\pm 1~-~\sqrt{\Lambda r^2/3} }}~=~\sqrt{3/\Lambda}tanh^{-1}(\sqrt{\Lambda/3}r)$$ The action is then the delay coordinate evaluated as $$r^*~=~\int {{dr}\over{1~-~\Lambda r^2/3}}~=~\sqrt{3/\Lambda}tanh^{-1}(\sqrt{\lambda/3}r).$$ The domain $$[0,~\sqrt{3/\Lambda})$$ defines a real valued action. Since, $$tanh^{-1}(x)~=~{1\over 2}ln((1~+~x)/(1~-~x))$$ for $$r~>~\sqrt{3/\Lambda}$$ the argument of the logarithm is negative. In this case the action is $$S~=~\sqrt{3/\Lambda}ln\Big({{\sqrt{\Lambda/3}r~+~1}\over{\sqrt{\Lambda/3}r~-~1 }}\Big)~+~i\pi\sqrt{3/\Lambda}.$$ The imaginary part represents the action for the quantum field emission as $$r~\rightarrow~\infty$$. The delay coordinate is defined on $$[0,~\infty)$$ which assures an S-matrix is defined on an unbounded causal domain, and this holds in general as well. \vskip.12in The metric elements we need to be concerned about is then $$g_{tt}~=~(1~-~\Lambda r^2/3)$$, $$g_{rr}~=~1/(1~-~\Lambda r^2/3)$$. The extrinsic tensor (Gauss' second fundamental form) is then $$K_{ab}~=~{1\over 2} n^c\partial_c(g_{ab})$$, for $$n^r~=~\sqrt{A(r)}$$. These are rather easy to evaluate this $$K_{tt}~=~n^r\partial_rg_{tt}~=~ {2\over 3}{{\Lambda r}\over 3}(1~-~\Lambda r^2/3)^{1/2}$$ $$K_{rr}~=~n^r\partial_rg_{rr}~=~- {2\over3}{{\Lambda r}\over 3}(1~-~\Lambda r^2/3)^{-3/2}.$$ The curvature $$G^{00}~=~(Tr K)^2~-~Tr(K^2)$$ which is then $$G^{00}~=~(K_{tt}~+~K_{rr})^2~-~K_{tt}^2~-~K_{rr}^2~=~2K_{tt}K_{rr}~=~{8\over 9}\Big({{\Lambda^2 r^2}\over{1~-~\Lambda r^2/3}}\Big).$$ This is the vacuum energy available in the de Sitter vacuum. \vskip.12in We now perform a similar analysis above, but instead consider the radiation production according to the transition $$\Lambda~\rightarrow~\Lambda~+~\delta\Lambda$$. The transition is considered according to the metric back reaction of the de Sitter vacuum. This tunneling defines the imaginary part of the action $$S~=~\int_{\Lambda_0}^{\Lambda}pdr.$$ The velocity term here is the computed from the Hamilton equation $${\dot r}~=~\partial H/\partial p$$ which permits this to be written as $$S~=~\int_{\Lambda_0}^{\Lambda}\int_0^R{{dr}\over{\dot r}}dH.$$ The Hamiltonian used is the $$H~=~G^{00}$$ computed here, with $${\dot r}~=~\pm(1~-~\Lambda r^2/3)$$ with $$S~=~\int_{\Lambda_0}^{\Lambda}\int_{r_i}^{r_f}dr\Big({{4r}\over 3}\Big)^2\int_{\Lambda_0}^{\Lambda}{\Lambda\over{(1~-~\Lambda r^2/3)^2}}\Big(1~+~{{\Lambda r^2/3}\over{1~-~\Lambda r^2/3}}\Big)d\Lambda$$ $$=~16\int_{r_i}^{r_f}dr \Big( {1\over{r^2}}\big(log(\Lambda r^2~-~3)~-~{3\over{\Lambda r^2~-~3}}\big)\Big|_{\Lambda_0}^{\Lambda}$$ $$=~16\big(ln(\Lambda r^2~-~3)/r~-\sqrt{\Lambda/3}~arctanh(\sqrt{\Lambda/3}r)~-~1/r\big) \Big|_{\Lambda_0}^{\Lambda}\Big|_{r_i}^{r_f}.$$ This complicated expression is evaluated for $$\Lambda~=~\Lambda_0~-~\delta\Lambda$$ with $$S~=~8\Big(\sqrt{\Lambda/3}~arctanh({\Lambda/3}r)~+~{r\over{1~-~3/(\Lambda r^2)}}~+~{2\over{\Lambda~-~3/ r^2}}\Big)\Big|_{r_i}^{r_f}\Delta\Lambda$$ Of course this solution exhibits a singularity for the radius extended across $$\sqrt{3/\Lambda}$$. We then consider the integration with respect to the small change in the cosmological constant $$S~=~=~16\int_{r_i}^{r_f}dr \Big( {1\over{r^2}}\Big(log(\Lambda r^2~-~3)~-~{3\over{\Lambda r^2~-~3}}\Big)\Big|_{\Lambda_0}^{\Lambda}$$ $$\simeq~16\Big({1\over{\Lambda r^2~-~3}}~-~{3\over{(\Lambda r^2~-~3)^2}}\Big)\delta\Lambda$$ The calculus of residues and Cauchy integral formula gives this result in a very simple form for $$z^2~=~\Lambda r^2$$ and we then left with the result $$S~=~{\sqrt{3}\over 4}\pi\delta\Lambda$$ \vskip.12in Now that we have that set up we propose a quantum model. The $$G^{00}~=~H$$ which under the Hamiltonian constraint is zero. Yet with quantum mechanics we propose an evolution equation $$i\partial\Psi[g,\phi]/\partial t~=~G^{00}\Psi[g,\phi]$$, where the deviation from zero in the Wheeler DeWitt equation $$NH\Psi[g]~=~0$$ is due to the occurrence of a scalar field in the spacetime. For now on we will substitute $$H$$ for $$G^{00}$$. Now we want to compute a transition rate, which involves both a change in g and the internal scalar field $$\phi$$. So we take a second derivative of $$\Psi~=~\Psi[g,\phi]$$ to get $$-{{\partial^2\Psi}\over{\partial t^2}}~=~ H^2\Psi~+~i{{\partial H}\over{\partial t}}\Psi.$$ We now express this according to $$|\Psi\rangle$$ and $$\Psi'\rangle$$ by $$H^2?~=~H\int d\mu(\Psi')|\Psi'\rangle\langle\Psi'|H|\Psi\rangle,$$ which is just a completeness sum $$1~=~\int d\mu(\Psi')|\Psi'\rangle\langle\Psi'|$$ inserted between the two Hamiltonians. We then have a summation over transition probabilities as $$\int d\mu(\Psi')|\langle\Psi'|H|\Psi\rangle|^2~=~-\langle\Psi|{{\partial^2}\over{\partial t^2}}|\Psi\rangle~-~i\langle\Psi|{{\partial H}\over{\partial t}}|\Psi\rangle.$$ The first term on the right hand side depends only on the transition of the scalar field, which vanishes if the scalar field is initially zero. The last term will then depend upon $$\partial\Lambda/\partial t$$, and may be computed from the $$G^{00}$$ above. These two terms represent the long wavelength Hawking-Gibbon radiation produced by the decay of the cosmological constant and the change in Hamiltonian due to the production of this radiation.