Why is Lorentz force frame independent? Recently I started studying Magnetics and I came across a statement in my book which confused me.It read:

Magnetic force is frame dependent, Electric force is frame dependent but lorentz force is frame independent

I can understand magnetic force being frame dependent as it is a velocity dependent force and velocity depends on the frame from which it is measured.However, I can't understand why electric force is frame dependent.Does frame dependent here mean that in a non inertial frame of reference or a moving inertial frame, the electric force becomes magnetic force as charge which is at rest moves with respect to this frame?
Also, Lorentz force being frame independent makes me think that some components that arise due to shifting frame of reference, cancel each other out making the resultant lorentz force same.However, I am not able to get the complete picture.
Can anyone give me the reason for this without using complex mathematics/theory of relativity? What's the intuition behind this?
 A: The Lorentz force 3-vector is only frame independent under a Galilean transformation.  For instance, suppose you translate into a new frame moving at $\mathbf{V}_{o}$ relative to the original frame, then the transformed vectors would be:
$$
\begin{align}
  \mathbf{E}' & = \mathbf{E} + \mathbf{V}_{o} \times \mathbf{B} \tag{0a} \\
  \mathbf{B}' & = \mathbf{B} \tag{0b} \\
  \mathbf{v}' & = \mathbf{v} - \mathbf{V}_{o} \tag{0c}
\end{align}
$$
If we then put these into the Lorentz force we find:
$$
\begin{align}
  \mathbf{F}' & = q \left[ \mathbf{E}' + \mathbf{v}' \times \mathbf{B}' \right] \tag{1a} \\
  & = q \left[ \left( \mathbf{E} + \mathbf{V}_{o} \times \mathbf{B} \right) + \left( \mathbf{v} - \mathbf{V}_{o} \right) \times \mathbf{B} \right] \tag{1b} \\
  & = q \left[ \mathbf{E} + \mathbf{v} \times \mathbf{B} \right] \tag{1c}
\end{align}
$$
Under a proper Lorentz transformation, the Lorentz force 3-vector and 4-vector is not frame independent.  The electric and magnetic field (in cgs units now) 3-vectors transform as:
$$
\begin{align}
  \mathbf{E}' & = \gamma \left( \mathbf{E} + \frac{ \mathbf{V}_{o} }{ c } \times \mathbf{B} \right) - \frac{ \gamma^{2} }{ \gamma + 1 } \frac{ \mathbf{V}_{o} }{ c } \left( \frac{ \mathbf{V}_{o} }{ c } \cdot \mathbf{E} \right) \tag{2a} \\
  \mathbf{B}' & = \gamma \left( \mathbf{B} - \frac{ \mathbf{V}_{o} }{ c } \times \mathbf{E} \right) - \frac{ \gamma^{2} }{ \gamma + 1 } \frac{ \mathbf{V}_{o} }{ c } \left( \frac{ \mathbf{V}_{o} }{ c } \cdot \mathbf{B} \right) \tag{2b}
\end{align}
$$
while the 3-vector velocity transforms according to the addition of velocities and $\gamma$ is the Lorentz factor.  One can see that Equations 2a and 2b reduce to 0a and 0b in the limit $V_{o} \ll c$ because $\gamma \rightarrow 1$ and the 2nd term in Equations 2a and 2b are 2nd order in $\tfrac{ V_{o} }{ c }$.  The $\tfrac{ \mathbf{V}_{o} }{ c } \times \mathbf{E}$ drops out when you convert back to SI units because $B \rightarrow c \ B$ thus there is a factor of $\tfrac{ V_{o} }{ c^{2} }$ in that term.
A: The laws that govern electromagnetic phenomena are not invariant under Galilean Transformation, they are instead invariant under Lorentz transformation.
Once this has been established we can tackle your question: Magnetic fields and electric fields (and so also magnetic force and electric force) are indeed frame dependent if you change frame of reference using Lorentz's transformation. However the combine effect of electric and magnetic fields (so also the Lorentz's Force) is not frame dependent under Lorentz Transformation. This is the reason why we like to talk about electromagnetic fields, and not electric and magnetic fields separately.
Question now is: why we use Lorentz transformation instead of standard Galilean Transformation? Well, as I mentioned above the laws of electromagnetism are not invariant under Galilean transformation; this means that we incur in problems if we don't accept to use Lorentz Transformation. For example: the laws of electromagnetism predict that the speed of light should be constant in every reference frame, but this is obviously absurd under Galilean transformation.
