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I have read this question:

When light reflects off a mirror, does the wave function collapse?

where dmckee says:

Now, even giving a precise statement of what makes a "measurement" is non trivial, but a starting place is that a measurement leaves a record. Coherent reflection form a mirror generally does not leave a record.

where S. McGrew says:

The answer is that the photon does not change the state of the mirror. After the photon has been reflected, the mirror is unchanged. There is no way to prove that the photon struck the mirror without also detecting the photon's path downstream.

Why is quantum entanglement considered to be an active link between particles?

where Luboš Motl says:

But this step, in which the original overall probabilities for the second particle were replaced by the conditional probabilities that take the known outcome involving the first particle into account, is just a change of our knowledge - not a remote influence of one particle on the other.

Why can interaction with a macroscopic apparatus, such as a Stern-Gerlach machine, sometimes not cause a measurement?

where Ruben Verresen says:

a superposition is destroyed/decohered when information has leaked out. In this setting that would mean that if by measuring, say, the momentum of the Stern-Gerlach machine you could figure out whether the spin had curved upwards or downwards, then the quantum superposition between up and down would have been destroyed.

Now this is in contradiction with radiation pressure, and the way solar sails work. The mirror gets a recoil from the reflecting (elastically scattered) photons, and that is detectable, measurable, because it is a change in the mirror's (sail) momentum vector.

Radiation pressure is the pressure exerted upon any surface due to the exchange of momentum between the object and the electromagnetic field. This includes the momentum of light or electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength which is absorbed, reflected, or otherwise emitted (e.g. black-body radiation) by matter on any scale (from macroscopic objects to dust particles to gas molecules).1[2][3]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_pressure

Do photons attenuate when they reflect?

enter image description here

Thus it has to collapse the wavefunction. The signal photon goes to the mirror, reflects and goes through slit 1 and 2 and goes to screen1. The idler goes directly to slit3 and 4 and to screen2. The two photons in this case have a common wavefunction (entangled), and in this case I will either:

  1. see an interference pattern on screen1 and screen2 (coherent reflection does not change the state of the mirror), because the common wavefunction is not changed

  2. will not see an interference pattern on screen1 and screen2 (because of radiation pressure, the change in the mirror's momentum is detectable, measurable), and the common wavefunction is changed

Question:

  1. Will there be an interference pattern on screen1 and screen2?
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  • $\begingroup$ If you detect where exactly each photon hits the mirror (e.g. by measuring individual radiation pressure), this measurement would collapse the wave function. If you don't measure, each photon would reflect off the entire mirror as a wave. The presence of the collective radiation pressure is irrelevant. The answer of @S.McGrew in your first link is the correct answer. $\endgroup$
    – safesphere
    Commented Dec 8, 2019 at 2:08
  • $\begingroup$ Radiation pressure is a classical emergent effect from the QM superposition of individual the dp/dt of each photon. Do not mix up classical with quantum dynamic frames $\endgroup$
    – anna v
    Commented Dec 8, 2019 at 8:09

1 Answer 1

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Knowing that a photon has gone through a particular slit will prevent interference, but knowing that a photon has gone through a given pair of slits will not prevent interference. If recoil is measured at the mirror, we will know that a photon has reflected and has gone through the slits 1 and 2, and an interference pattern will indeed be formed on screen 1.

Note: the interference pattern will be affected by the mirror's recoil. The photon will transfer a tiny portion of its momentum to the mirror, so will go through the slits with a slightly longer wavelength, and as a result the interference fringes on the screen will be slightly farther apart. The heavier the mirror, the less momentum will be transferred and the less the interference pattern will be affected.

Let's complicate your experiment a little bit. Run photon s through a beamsplitter so that it can follow either of two paths to the mirror, and make the beam(s) narrow enough that one of the paths can only be reflected to slit 1 and the other can only be reflected to slit 2. Path s1 hits one half of the mirror and path s2 hits the other half of the mirror. Now, reflection of a photon on path s1 will give the mirror a clockwise torque and reflection on path s2 will give the mirror a counter-clockwise torque. The wavefunction will presumably take both paths, but the mirror's recoil can be used to accurately predict which slit the photon goes through. Will there be an interference pattern formed on screen 1? The answer in this case is "NO", because the mirror's recoil (clockwise or counter-clockwise) will constitute a measurement of which slit the photon passed through.

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  • $\begingroup$ thank you do much! $\endgroup$ Commented Dec 9, 2019 at 1:22
  • $\begingroup$ "The photon will transfer a tiny portion of its momentum to the mirror" - intuitively clear, however technically incorrect, as momentum is vector and photon "recoils" in opposite direction (strictly opposite in case of right angle). $\endgroup$ Commented Dec 8, 2020 at 14:53
  • $\begingroup$ Please clarify your comment. $\endgroup$
    – S. McGrew
    Commented Dec 8, 2020 at 17:26

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