Photons are massless particles.
Time dilation is caused between two observers either by the relative speed of the observers or by the observers being in different gravitational zones (stress-energy difference).
According to the theory of relativity, time dilation is a difference in the elapsed time measured by two observers, either due to a velocity difference relative to each other, or by being differently situated relative to a gravitational field. Special relativity indicates that, for an observer in an inertial frame of reference, a clock that is moving relative to him will be measured to tick slower than a clock that is at rest in his frame of reference. This case is sometimes called special relativistic time dilation. The faster the relative velocity, the greater the time dilation between one another, with the rate of time reaching zero as one approaches the speed of light (299,792,458 m/s). This causes massless particles that travel at the speed of light to be unaffected by the passage of time.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_dilation
This states that, massless particles are unaffected by time dilation.
What is the time component of velocity of a light ray?
where Izzhov says:
Four-velocity actually isn't well-defined for light. This is because four-velocity is the derivative of the position four-vector with respect to the proper time, i.e. the time in the moving object's rest frame. Since you can't pick an inertial rest frame for a beam of light, you can't take the derivative with respect to the proper time. Mathematically, the proper time of light is zero, so to take the derivative of light's position four-vector with respect to proper time, you would be dividing by zero, returning infinity/undefined (for all components, including the time component).
So this says that the four velocity of light is not well defined.
Now we have to use an affine parameter λ instead of proper time for massless particles.
What this does not explain is whether for a photon, we can talk about time dilation or not, because according to SR, photons should not be affected by time dilation.
Now if we can define a four velocity for photons with an affine parameter λ, then we should be able to calculate the time dilation too.
It does not make sense to talk about the view of the photons, because photons do not have a frame of reference as per SR.
where S. Mcgrew says:
That is not how it works. To us, time appears to pass much more slowly in a system that is moving rapidly with respect to us. If * you * were part of that system, you would observe the opposite: that we were moving rapidly and that our clocks appear to run more slowly than yours. Time is not frozen in either frame, regardless of their relative speed.
Now one says that massless particles are not affected by time dilation, the other one says it is not defined.
Question:
- Which one is right, are photons affected by time dilation or not(If we can calculate the four velocity of photons with an affine parameter λ, does this mean that photons are affected by SR (velocity) time dilation)?