Goldfish perspective What does the world look like from the Goldfish point of view, from inside a spherical aquarium? 
If our eyes were inside, would we be able to see the straight lines, focus on different objects and what would a light point source looks like?
(elaborate on the curvatures, with or without the flat water above)
 A: The only weird effect from inside the bowl will be total internal reflection from the glass-air interface. This is what causes the distinctive fisheye effect when looking at a water-air interface from underwater, where you see the full $2\pi$ steradians of the air half-space concentrated on a smaller disk on the surface. There is significant distortion in this case, but only for objects outside the water.
But having a spherical bowl would actually lessen, rather than increase, this effect, and a fish located at the exact center of the bowl would not see any of it, as it would be looking perpendicular to the glass-air interface in every direction.
EDIT
If the glass is sufficiently thin, it will have a negligible refraction effect, since the refraction angle of the ray entering the glass, and the incidence angle of that same ray leaving the glass will be virtually the same, and their effects cancel out when applying Snell's law twice. So optically this is the same as being inside a sphere of water floating in space. Lets say this sphere has radius $r$, and we are looking at the water air interface from a distance $x$.
A point on the sphere that we see $\varphi$ degrees away from the normal, would be seen at an angle $\sin \theta = \frac{r}{x} \tan \varphi$ from the center of the sphere, and the angle between a ray with angle $\varphi$ and the normal to the interface will be $\theta_3 = \varphi - \theta$. The same ray in air will have angle with the normal calculated from Snell's law, $\sin \theta_1 = \frac{n_3}{n_1} \sin \theta_3$.
If you do the paraxial approximation, and take first order approximations for all trigonometric functions, you eventually get that, when looking with a small angle $\varphi$ from the normal, you are actually seeing light coming from an angle $\varphi'$ that can be calculated as:
$$\varphi' = \varphi (n - \frac{x}{r} n + \frac{x}{r})$$
where $n=\frac{n_3}{n_1} = 1.33$ for water.
So if you are really close to the glass, you will see things outside smaller than they are, by a factor of $\frac{1}{n} = 0.75$, if you are at the center of the bowl you will see everything undistorted, and if you are looking across the whole bowl, you will see things magnified by a factor of $\frac{1}{2-n} = 1.5$.
