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$B_s$ is nonuniform, and it's generated from a movable source(e.g magnet or electromagnet).

A rectangular loop of area $A$ is stationary.

The variation of flux for this case is caused from the following:

  1. Spatial movement of $B_s$.
  2. Strength variation $B_s$ of due to (1).

How can I quantitatively formulate $\varepsilon_{induced}$ here?

I could assume that:

$$\varepsilon_{induced} =\oint \vec{E} \cdot \vec{dl} = -\frac{\delta \Phi}{\delta t}$$

to:

$$\varepsilon_{induced} =\oint \vec{E} \cdot \vec{dl} = -\int \frac{\delta B_s}{\delta t} \cdot \vec{da}$$

But how can I factor in the effects of 1&2 to $\delta B_s$?

From my textbook,the examples brought up had the effects(1&2) mutually exclusive, but for this case both add to $\varepsilon_{induced}$

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  • $\begingroup$ Why do you think 1 and 2 are different things? The only thing that matters is that net magnetic flux changes, whether we describe it as "magnetic field moves" or "magnetic field changes". $\endgroup$ Commented Feb 4, 2019 at 21:05
  • $\begingroup$ Because of the following: $\endgroup$
    – Geodesic
    Commented Feb 4, 2019 at 21:08
  • $\begingroup$ If a magnet was stationary, and it's $B$ is nonuniform, and I decideded to move the loop, there are two effects: 1) The Lorentz force separating the charges $vBL$, and 2) The strength variation of $B$. It seems for that frame those two contribute to $\varepsilon$, why is the reference frame of the question not considering two effects as well? Ultimately they yield the same results by only considering the changes of flux in both cases(assuming all the other variables in both frames are equal). $\endgroup$
    – Geodesic
    Commented Feb 4, 2019 at 21:13
  • $\begingroup$ My focus onto the effects stems from Faradays paradox' examples. I now put a microscrope on these questions: "Is the flux changing, and what causes it?." $\endgroup$
    – Geodesic
    Commented Feb 4, 2019 at 21:16
  • $\begingroup$ > "why is the reference frame of the question not considering two effects as well?" Because in your question the wire does not move, so $v=0$, so the motional emf $vBL$ is zero. $\endgroup$ Commented Feb 4, 2019 at 21:17

1 Answer 1

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Faraday-Lenz's law says that

$$\varepsilon_{ind}=-\frac{\partial\Phi_B}{\partial t}$$

In your case, the flux is variying due to the change in two factors. Recall that $\Phi_B=B\cdot S\cdot\cos(\alpha)$, so the derivative would be

$$\frac{\partial\Phi_B}{\partial t}=\frac{\partial B}{\partial t}\cdot S\cdot\cos(\alpha)+B\frac{\partial S}{\partial t}\cos(\alpha)$$

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  • $\begingroup$ I'm assuming that the first term is due to the spatial variation, and the second is due to the strength variation? $\endgroup$
    – Geodesic
    Commented Feb 5, 2019 at 5:11
  • $\begingroup$ Just the other way round, but kind of yes. It's just the derivative of a product. $\endgroup$
    – FGSUZ
    Commented Feb 5, 2019 at 11:27
  • $\begingroup$ Quick question, how is the second term ($B\frac{\partial S}{\partial t}\cos(\alpha))$ different from $vBL$? We know that motional emf is zero because $v$ = $0$, I'm curious if this term represents only the spatial variation of $B$ OR considers the motional emf. $\endgroup$
    – Geodesic
    Commented Mar 24, 2019 at 19:25
  • $\begingroup$ I created a new question, hoping it could be useful for others that might face the same confusion as I am currently. If you'd like to participate here: physics.stackexchange.com/questions/468461/… $\endgroup$
    – Geodesic
    Commented Mar 24, 2019 at 19:52
  • $\begingroup$ Commented that your provided the equation for credit :) $\endgroup$
    – Geodesic
    Commented Mar 24, 2019 at 19:52

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