There is a high probability, I think, that this question is a duplicate of some other question ... but to may knowledge, it hasn't been posed in this exact manner:
Assume we have 2 points, $P_1$ and $P_2$, of mass $m_1$ and $m_2$ in a world coordinate system $(O, \vec{i}_0, \vec{j}_0, \vec{k}_0)$. The point $P_1$ is moving with the constant velocity $\begin{bmatrix} v_{x1i}\\ v_{y1i}\\ v_{z1i}\end{bmatrix}$ while the point $P_2$ is stationary. The point $P_1$ undergoes a perfectly elastic collision with $P_2$. How will these two points move after the collision?
My attempt
This problem is about the conservation of linear momentum: therefore the momentum of the system formed by these two points remains constant. Before the collision the momentum of the system is: $$\vec{P}_{init} = m_1\cdot \begin{bmatrix} v_{x1i}\\ v_{y1i}\\ v_{z1i}\end{bmatrix} + m_2 \cdot \begin{bmatrix} 0\\0\\0\end{bmatrix}$$
After the collision, the linear momentum of the system is: $$ \vec{P}_{fin} = m_1\cdot \begin{bmatrix} v_{x1f}\\ v_{y1f}\\ v_{z1f}\end{bmatrix} + m_2 \cdot \begin{bmatrix} v_{x2f}\\v_{y2f}\\v_{z2f}\end{bmatrix}$$ The unknows are $v_{x1f}, v_{y1f}, v_{z1f}, v_{x2f}, v_{y2f}, v_{z2f}$. But we have only three equations $\vec{P}_{init} = \vec{P}_{fin}$ and six unknowns ... One can also use the law of conservation of energy to obtain another equation: $$ \frac{m_1}{2} \cdot \left(v_{x1i}^2 + v_{y1i}^2 + v_{z1i}^2\right) = \frac{m_1}{2}\cdot \left( v_{x1f}^2+v_{y1f}^2+v_{z1f}^2\right) + \frac{m_2}{2}\cdot \left( v_{x2f}^2+v_{y2f}^2+v_{z2f}^2\right)$$ but there are still only four equations and six variables ...