Is it possible understand Berry curvature as Gaussian curvature in some limit? I would like to understand the Berry curvature and the Chern number from mathematical geometry-topology. 
I understand that in electronic QHE, there is a map from $k^2$ to a vector space where the eigenvectors "live". These eigenvectors are defined up to a phase (local gauge invariance). 
Why Berry curvature is defined like this? 
$B=\epsilon_{ij}<\partial_{k_i}u|\partial_{k_j}u>$
Is it standard in mathematics? Where can I find it?
My motivation comes from topology appearing in non-electronic systems such as photonics, acoustics or mechanics, where Berry curvature plays a similar role than in electronics. I would like to explain it without electronics.
 A: The Berry connection and Berry curvature only appear due to the wave nature of physical systems. That is why it also plays a role in photonics, acoustics and other classical wave equations. 
The Berry connection and Berry curvature are a connection and a curvature in the mathematical sense on a vector bundle, commonly known as the Bloch bundle
\begin{align*}
\mathcal{E}_{\mathrm{Bloch}} = \bigsqcup_{k \in \mathrm{BZ}} \mathcal{H}_{\mathrm{rel}}(k) = \mathrm{span} \bigl \{ \varphi_1(k) , \ldots , \varphi_n(k) \bigr \} , 
\end{align*}
which is constructed from gluing together the eigenspaces 
\begin{align*}
\mathcal{H}_{\mathrm{rel}}(k) = \mathrm{span} \bigl \{ \varphi_1(k) , \ldots , \varphi_n(k) \bigr \} 
\end{align*}
spanned by the eigenfunctions associated to the eigenvalues below the characteristic energy or frequency; in solid state physics, this is the Fermi energy. Here we have assumed that your characteristic energy or frequency lies in a bulk band gap, because then the dimensionality of $\mathcal{H}_{\mathrm{rel}}(k)$ is independent of $k$ and the relevant subspace $\mathcal{H}_{\mathrm{rel}}$ of your Hilbert space depends analytically on $k$. (In classical waves, you need to pay attention to the bands with linear dispersion around $k = 0$ and $\omega = 0$, though.) 
Berry connection and Berry curvature are then, as mentioned before, just a connection associated to the curvature on this vector bundle. 
