For polarization and angular momentum, rotating the basis corresponds to a very straightforward physical transformation, namely, the physical rotation of an experimental apparatus about an axis in space. But what is the corresponding physical transformation corresponding to a rotation of basis for linear position-momentum? For example, consider a two-slit apparatus. Rotating the basis cannot correspond to rotating the slits. That just transforms the measurement of position along one axis to position along a different axis. It is not a transformation of measuring position to measuring momentum. To measure momentum you have to measure wavelength, which means transforming the slits into a diffraction grating or something like that, but that's as far as I've gotten in figuring this out myself.
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$\begingroup$ Its worth looking at physics.stackexchange.com/questions/312834/…. These answers remind us that measurement in quantum physics, just like classical physics, is a messy business involving modelling of how your particular measurement device works. $\endgroup$– isometryCommented Nov 13, 2018 at 6:03
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