Physics Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for active researchers, academics and students of physics. It only takes a minute to sign up.
Sign up to join this community
The free Klein-Gordon propagator in momentum space $\sim (p^2-m^2+i\epsilon)^{-1}$ has just a single pole at $p^2=m^2$. The passage to Fourier space is difficult but possible. The result is very illuminating in terms of how disturbances of a free scalar field propagate.
In an interacting theory, with a dressed Klein-Gordon propagator in momentum space,
$$G\sim\frac{1}{p^2-m^2-\Sigma(p^2)+i\epsilon}$$
is there a picture of what disturbances look like in position space?
just use the Kallen-Lehmann spectral representation: once Fourier Transformed in real space you have an integral representation of the (time-ordered) 2-point functions $$ \langle T\Phi(x_1)\Phi(x_2)\rangle=\int_0^\infty d\mu^2 \rho(\mu^2)\Delta(x_1-x_2;\mu^2) $$ where $\Delta(x;\mu^2)$ is the free propagator for a scalar of mass (squared) $\mu^2$, and $\rho(\mu^2)$ is positive distribution that sum up to $1=\int_0^\infty d\mu^2 \rho(\mu^2)$ and has a delta function at $\mu^2=m^2$ if $\Phi$ is associated to some particle state of mass $m$.
The propagator looks:
$\Delta_{F}(t,\vec{x})=\frac{im}{4\pi^{2}\sqrt{|\vec{x}|^{2}-t^{2}}}K_{1}\Big(m\sqrt{|\vec{x}|^{2}-t^{2}} \Big)$
Where K_{1} is a Bessel function. I found this result in the book Quantum Fiel Theory of Gerald Folland, there you can other propagator in position space too.
