So yes there is a very extensive library for this, at https://refractiveindex.info/
However you do need to have a tiny bit of knowledge about optics.
Refractive index, usually denoted by $n$, indicates how much light waves get "slowed" down and thus can tell you the diffraction angle when passing through media. (glass is about 1.5 in the visible range, water ~1.3)
Then you have the extinction coefficient, $k$, which indicates how well a material transmits light. You also have a similar value the absorption coefficient, $\alpha$, which is a bit easier to use.
Keep in mind that both values are wavelength dependent, the website also often lets you calculate the transmittance for a specific wavelength and material thickness.
Attenuation is usually $ Attenuation = e^{-\alpha * thickness} $ (e-base). To get from $k$ to $\alpha$ you can use this $\alpha=\frac{4\cdot \pi\cdot k}{\lambda} $. (with $\lambda$ being the wavelength)