# Is an interacting QFT Hilbert space a physical particles Fock space?

1. There are "Lectures on Quantum Field Theory" by P.A.M. Dirac, in which he claims that QFT state space is not a separable Hilbert space.
2. Also, I have seen some research papers (in axiomatic QFT), which claim that there is separable Hilbert space, describing field state at any fixed time $t$, and even there is separable Hilbert space for any finite time interval $[t_1, t_2]$, but there is no such thing (separable Hilbert space) for infinite time interval $(-\infty, \infty)$.
3. I have seen some research papers about "clothed particles representation". They claim, that field state (at finite time) cannot be described in terms of on-shell particles only. So I conclude, the "S-matrix"' Hilbert state is not "full" enough, despite it is full as Hilbert space in mathematical sense.

4. But there are books and papers, about QFT and S-matrix, for example, "Against particle/field duality: asymptotic particle states and interpolating fields in interacting QFT" by J. Bain, which talks about interacting QFT Hilbert space, and which even has a proof that such space is equal to asymptotic particles Hilbert space (S-matrix theory Hilbert space).

Thus, I cannot understand, if the S-matrix Hilbert space is only a part of/an approximation to "real" QFT space, but good enough to practical reasons (especially for scattering experiments, where only asymptotic states are physically observable), or it is "real" ("fundamental") space, and Dirac was wrong, when he said there is no such one.

• I think the answer in this similar question means that answer to my question is "No". In fact it clarifies almost all, but I still don't understand how such situation is compatible with some papers and books about S-matrix. – warlock Apr 6 '18 at 23:15
• There is another good answer in this question. And it looks like "No" too. – warlock Apr 6 '18 at 23:24
• But in Haag's Theorem and Its Implications for the Foundations of Quantum Field we can read the following statement: $\mathcal H_\text{in} = \mathcal H_\text{out} = \mathcal H$, which means that answer to my question is "Yes, there is no other states than asymptotic states". – warlock Apr 7 '18 at 23:21
• Another similar question: What is known about quantum electrodynamics at finite times?. And answer is "the occupation numbers evolve, that's it", which means that answer to my question is "Yes". – warlock Apr 8 '18 at 12:49
• The dynamics of occupation numbers is on the perturbative level only, where the differences between Fock and non-Fock are not visible. – Arnold Neumaier Apr 29 '18 at 15:52