Velocity of light in Galilean transformation What is the velocity of light in Galilean transformation? Is it infinity?
 A: The short answer to your question is: any.
The speed of light as any speed under Galilean transformation follows the usual vector sum rule. i.e., let it be $c$ the speed of light in a reference frame $R$ and $c’$ the speed of light in another frame $R’$ moving relatively to $R$ with the speed $v$. According to Galilee’s transformation, the speed of light $c’$ should be
$c’=v+c \tag{1}$
As we can see the speed of light can have any value since $v$ and $c$ are unbound.
There is no a priori problem with this reasoning. However, there are theoretical and experimental evidence showing that this is incorrect. A small list of problems would be:


*

*If equation (1) is true, then Maxwell’s equations for electrodynamics are not. See this question to confirm that Maxwell’s equations demands for a constant speed of light. 

*Michelson-Morley experiment confirms that the speed of light is constant.

*Measurement of the speed of particles in particle accelerators shows that the speeds are constrained between $0$ to $c≈3*10^8 \, m/s$.
The simplest transformation that solves all this problems is the so called Lorentz transformations. Another important thing is that Lorentz transformation do become equivalent to Galilee’s transformation for $v<<c$.
A: Galilean transformations are a low speed approximation and therefore they are not a valid description of the physics when speeds approach the speed of light. Since light travels at the speed of light (obviously :-) that means it cannot be described by Galilean transformations. This is true as long as the speed of light is a universal constant, and it doesn't depend on the numerical value of that speed.
It is often said that special relativity approaches Newtonian mechanics if we take the speed of light to infinity, but all this means is that the range of speeds for which Galilean transformations can be used increases without limit as we increase $c$ towards $\infty$. We can't simply set $c = \infty$ as we can't do arithmetic with $\infty$.
A: Let's say a light beam travels at a speed of $c$ in one reference frame $R_0$. Now, consider another reference frame $R_1$ where it moves in parallel to the light beam with velocity $v$, then the speed of the light beam will be $c-v$ in the frame $R_1$.
So under Galilean transformation, we see that the speed of light is not invariant. 
You can naively set $c=\infty$, so that $\infty=\infty-v$. But this is not exactly correct, because the concept of an infinite speed is not well-defined.
A: Maybe this reading of your question gets to what you are really asking.
It's not really about the "speed of light" [electromagnetic radiation], but about the maximum signal speed.
The eigenvectors of the Lorentz boost transformation are light-like [null] vectors in spacetime. In special relativity, they represent a finite invariant speed that is unattainable by particles with timelike worldlines.
The eigenvectors of the Galilean boost transformations are space-like [and null] vectors in Galilean spacetime. In Galilean relativity, they could represent an infinite invariant speed that is unattainable by particles with timelike worldlines. [My definition of spacelike is "orthogonal to timelike" (i.e., tangent to the "unit circle", which is orthogonal to the radius).] This seems consistent with the idea of the light-cone opening up in the Galilean limit to be a spacelike plane of simultaneity in Galilean relativity.
