What does passing one qubit that is entangled with another through a CNOT gate do?

Question

I am watching this video in which a programming language for quantum computing is introduced. There is code like this:

// Inside TeleportClassicalMessage function
let msg = register[0]; // Initialized to |0⟩ state
let there = register[1]; // Initialized to |0⟩ state

// Inside Teleport function
let here = register[0]; // Initialized to |0⟩ state
H(here); // here is now |+⟩
CNOT(here, there); // 'here' and 'there' are now entangled as the Bell state

CNOT(msg, here); // What does this do?

For those of you not familiar with coding, what it seems to be doing is feeding $|+⟩$ (control) and $|0⟩$ (target) to a CNOT gate, which creates the entangled Bell state. Then it takes the first qubit out of that state, here (without examining it), and feeds $|0⟩$ and here to a CNOT gate again.

What exactly does this do?

Answer 1

FWIW, this is the code used in the video: https://github.com/Microsoft/Quantum/blob/master/Samples/Teleportation/TeleportationSample.qs

In the TeleportClassicalMessage function (from which Teleport is called), msg is conditionally inverted (depending on the outside argument).

Note the line:

if(message) { X(msg); }

which does the conditional flipping.

Inside Teleport function, the second CNOT will flip here if the original message was 1. It would also mean changing the state of there because it's entangled with here. In case the original message was 0, the state of there will be unchanged.