You have plenty of ways to "encode" classical data in a quantum systems. Given any data, encoded as a string of bits $\sigma$, you can:
- You can take the same $n$-length string, and create the state
$$ \otimes_{i=1}^n |\sigma_i\rangle $$.
Obviously, you can recover your data with $n$ different measurements. There are cases where this is what you want, but it's not always the case.
As is often done in quantum algorithmics, you can create the state
$$ \sum_{i=1}^n \sigma_i |i\rangle $$
That uses just $\lceil log(n) \rceil$ qubits in order to have $2^n$ basis. There are plenty of situation where you can use a thing like this.
You could also encode your data as a relative phase of $\sigma$ with $n$ bits of precision on a single qubit. (not much useful..) There is no chance to recover the data with just one state.