Our high-school teacher told us that the Earth pulls us with some force $F$ and we pull the Earth with the same force $F$. Within Newtonian physics this is true because of Newton's 3rd law, but let’s consider Einsteinian gravity. My mass is small; so I don’t warp space-time much. But Earth’s large mass warps space-time to a far greater extent.
So do I pull Earth with the same force it pulls me? If yes, how?
For a Newtonian $n$-body system, the weak Newton's 3rd law implies total momentum conservation, but not vice-versa, cf. e.g. this Phys.SE post. However for a 2-body system, which OP asks about, they are equivalent, so OP's question is essentially equivalent to:
How do we see total momentum conservation in full-fledged GR without going to the Newtonian limit?
Answer: That's a great question! Notions, such as, e.g., force, mass, momentum, energy, etc., are notoriously subtle in GR. For a generic spacetime, there is no satisfactory definition of a gravitational stress-energy-momentum tensor, only a pseudotensor.
For an asymptotically flat spacetime, one may define an ADM energy-momentum 4-vector, which plays the role of conserved total energy-momentum associated with the full spacetime (incl. probes).
This answers OP's question in principle, but may not be completely satisfactory: We can easily associate localized energy-momentum to each point-probe$^1$ in the spacetime, but it is less clear how to give an independent definition for the energy-momentum of spacetime minus the probes (other than to declare it to be the difference). I.e. translated back to OP's problem: We don't seem to have an independent definition of Earth's energy-momentum by itself, even if we for simplicity assume that Earth is a black hole with a point-like singularity/matter-distribution.
$^1$ Our notion here of a point-probe is a point particle that can be assigned a localized energy-momentum, but unlike a test particle, it can backreact on the spacetime. The notion of probes is not really essential for the discussion. To emulate OP's 2-body system without using probes, consider instead 2 black holes with point-like singularities/matter-distributions. There doesn't seem to be a well-defined notion of energy-momentum associated to each individual black hole. Their individual energy-momenta are fuzzy/delocalized/ill-defined.
You both fall toward the common center of mass. Because the mass of the Earth is quite a bit larger than yours, the center of mass is very close to the center of the Earth, but rather far away from you. Thus, as you both fall to the common center, the Earth hardly moves while you fly until you hit the ground.
More specifically, you are talking about the two-body solution. Both bodies curve spacetime and move in this curved spacetime. As you justly stated, your contribution is small and for this reason the Earth movement toward you is very small as well.
However, when you interact with the Earth, the momentum you get equals the momentum the Earth gets. And yes, in the classical view, you attract the Earth with the same force as the Earth attracts you. While your gravity is very weak, the mass of the Earth attracted by it is enormous. Therefore the forces work out to be the same, as expected.
See this Don Lincoln video for a discussion of whether gravity is a force or not. Is gravity a force?
Physics is a description of the universe. There is more than one way to describe it.
In the Newtonian framework, it is a force. Forces always come in equal and opposite pairs. There is a reaction force to gravity. Thus the Sun and Earth attract each other. They orbit around their common barycenter.
In the General Relativity framework, mass curves spacetime. Objects that follow straight paths in curved spacetime can accelerate toward each other. The Earth and Sum both follow geodesics around their common barycenter.
In the limit of weak gravity (weak as compared to say a black hole) and low speeds (as compared to light), General Relativity predicts the same thing as Newtonian gravity. The description changes, not the behavior of the universe.
This answer doesn't totally fit this question. It was intended to be an answer to Does gravity actually have a ‘reaction force’?. But that question was closed as a duplicate of this.
Some information about how the limit of GR becomes Newtonian can be found in this answer to Is Newton's Law of Gravity consistent with General Relativity?.
If you are speaking in the context of General Relativity, then there is no role of mass in gravitational dynamics. Rather, every possible interaction is only due to the curvature of the spacetime.
We attract the earth and earth attracts us with same force because, the force of gravity is a mutual force and it depends upon the product of mass of earth and mass of us..
Regards Basma
We attract earth ,earth also attracts us we both attract each other with same force but we know that attraction between two bodies depends upon their mass,greater the mass of two bodies greater is the force of attraction between them (according to Newton).So as we know that we have very small mass with respect to earth so due to greater mass of earth the impact of its gravity is very strong with respect to our gravity. Due to this its attraction is strong than our one's.
