Lorentz force, and motional EMF in a non-uniform magnetic field? When learning about the Lornetz force:
$$F = IL \times B$$
Or the motional emf:
$$ V = vBL$$
The texts I read would state that the field is uniform, what if the magnetic field wasn't uniform?
Say, the source was a permanent magnet, or a single wire(increasing distance away from the wire would lead to a weaker field from a closer point).
 A: You simply would need to integrate. The Lorentz force on a volume current distribution is 
$$\mathbf{F} = \int dV \; \mathbf{J}\times\mathbf{B}$$ integrated over whole volume of distribution. For surface or line currents, replace $\mathbf{J} \;dV$ by $\mathbf{K} \;da$ or $I dl$. 
For motional emf, the expression is 
$$ e = \int \mathbf{f}_{mag}\cdot d\mathbf{l}$$ around the loop. Here $\mathbf{f}_{mag}$ is magnetic force per unit charge, acting on the infinitesimal element dl, $\mathbf{v\times B}$. However, there is a tricky point here. This $\mathbf{v}$ is total velocity of charge. That means, if the charge flows with respect to wire at velocity $\mathbf{u}$ and the wire moves with velocity $\mathbf{w}$ in the lab, then $\mathbf{v=w+u} $
Edit: Surface currents are distributions of charge flowing over a surface. The current density K may be a function of point on surface. Line currents are just your typical textbook wires having no features of volume. Ideally, like a thread. 
The motional emf is easily mistaken to be just $\int\mathbf{w\times B}\cdot d\mathbf{l}$. Thats why I pointed it out. 
