Here's a list of various effects then (I might add more later on)
Measured effects for special relativity :
- The constancy of the speed of light, as measured by the Michelson-Morley experiment.
- Time dilation/length contraction of two observers in motion relative to each other, as measured by cosmic muon decay rates and atomic clocks on airplanes
- The relativistic energy momentum conservation laws, as verified by scattering expeirments.
- The relativistic Doppler effect, measured by the Ives–Stilwell experiment
- The (local) isotropy of space, as measured in the Hughes–Drever experiment
- The Sagnac effect, where the travel time of two light rays going in opposite directions is different if there is rotation involved, as measured in the Fizeau experiment.
- Relativistic corrections to quantum mechanics, such as the Lamb shift
- CPT invariance for quantum field theory, so far holding for all measurements.
- Lorentz invariance leading to a lack of the anomalous dispersion of light, measured on far off light sources
Other special relativistic effects :
- The relativistic aberration
Measured effects for general relativity :
- All predictions of classical gravitational theory (within some limits). These include :
- Attraction of two masses, as measured in the Cavendish experiment and the Schiehallion experiment
- The equivalence principle (objects dropped in a vacuum fall at the same rate), as confirmed in the Eötvös-Dicke experiment
- Tidal forces
- Shifting in quantum energy levels, as measured by ultra cold neutron experiments
- Light deflection around stars, as measured by Eddington.
- More generally, gravitational lensing, such as observed in the Einstein cross.
- The precession of the perihelion of Mercury
- Redshifting of light in a gravitational field, as measured in the Pound-Rebka-Snider experiment and in measurements of the spectrum of Sirius B.
- Time dilation in gravitational fields
- Frame dragging and geodetic precession, as measured by Gravity Probe B
- Gravitational waves, both indirectly by loss of energy in binary star systems and directly with LIGO
- The cosmological expansion of space, as measured by the redshifting of galaxies.
Effects that are currently not experimentally verified :
- Unruh radiation, where an accelerated observer will measure radiations where none exist for an observer at rest.
- Hawking radiations where an event horizon radiates thermal particles.
- The photon sphere around a black hole, which the Event Horizon Telescope will attempt to measure
- Creation of particles by non-static spacetimes (for instance by the cosmological expansion)
