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I know that the spin of an up-quark is $1/2$ but is this referring to the spin of a valance quark or the spin of a constituent quark (i.e. a valance quark with all the sea quarks and gluon around it)?

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    $\begingroup$ A quark of any kind is defined my intrinsic properties, between them the spin. All the up-quarks, valence or see, will have spin 1/2. $\endgroup$ Commented May 2, 2017 at 13:47

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Here is a nice illustration of a proton

proton

you would have to really countup everything at every instant to find the three extra quark called valence quarks. The sea quarks and the valence quarks have different parton distribution functions, but as far as particle characteristics they are indistinguishable .

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