locally similar quantum states Assume that for some $k < n$, there is some pure state $|\psi\rangle$ and another mixed state $\rho$ on n qubits such that for all subset $K$ of $k$ qubits, we have:
$\text{Tr}_\bar{K}(|\psi\rangle \langle\psi|) = \text{Tr}_\bar{K}\big(\rho\big)$
Does it always imply the existence of a pure state $|\psi'\rangle$ on n qubits such that $|\psi\rangle \neq |\psi'\rangle$ and:
$\text{Tr}_\bar{K}(|\psi\rangle\langle\psi|) = \text{Tr}_\bar{K}(|\psi'\rangle\langle\psi'|)$
for all such $K$?
 A: This is a great question :D
We can call all pure states $|\psi\rangle$ for which there do not exist any pure states $|\psi'\rangle$ with $Tr_{\bar{K}}(|\psi\rangle\langle\psi|)=Tr_{\bar{K}}(|\psi'\rangle\langle\psi'|)$ "uniquely determined among pure states" (UDP).
Similarly we can call all pure states $|\psi\rangle$ for which there do not exist any mixed or pure states $\rho$ with $Tr_{\bar{K}}(|\psi\rangle\langle\psi|)=Tr_{\bar{K}}(\rho)$ "uniquely determined among all states" (UDA). 
Your question amounts to asking, does not being UDA imply not being UDP. We can reformulate this by asking does being UDP imply being UDA. 
In recent work my colleagues and I have addressed this question in the negative. There do exist states $|\psi\rangle$ that are not UDA (ie there exist $\rho$ such that $Tr_{\bar{K}}(|\psi\rangle\langle\psi|)=Tr_{\bar{K}}(\rho)$) but that are also UDP (ie there are no $|\psi'\rangle$ such that $Tr_{\bar{K}}(|\psi\rangle\langle\psi|)=Tr_{\bar{K}}(|\psi'\rangle\langle\psi'|)$). 
The example we consider in our paper is the following 4 qubit family of states:
$|\psi\rangle=c_0|w_0\rangle+c_2|w_2\rangle+c_4|w_4\rangle$
With $|w_i\rangle \approx P_{sym} (|0\rangle^{\otimes 4-i}|1\rangle^{\otimes i})$ where $P_{sym}$ is the projector onto the symmetric subspace. For certain parameter ranges (namely when $c_i\in \mathbb{R}$, $c_2\neq0, c_0\neq-c_4$, $(c_2^2/2-c_0^2)(c_2^2/2-c_4^2)\neq c_2^2(c_0+c_4)^2/3$) we can prove that this state is UDP. What's more, we can show that if the 2-party reduced density matrix of our state is separable then the state is not UDA. This can be seen by noting that if $\rho_2=Tr_{2}(\psi)$ is separable then it can be expressed as $\rho_2=\sum_i P_i \sigma_i \otimes\sigma_i$ which implies the existence of a state $\rho_4=\sum_i P_i \sigma_i^{\otimes 4}$ which shares the same reduced density matrices as $\psi$. Using this fact we can find regions in the parameter ranges where $\psi$ is both UDP and not UDA
So the answer to your question is, curiously, no.
