Schrödinger equation solutions confusion

In class we've been learning about the Schrödinger equation and its solutions. We mentioned that one of the simplest solutions for a free particle are simply plane waves $\psi(x,t)=e^{i(\omega t-k x)}$, but then it was said that those solutions are invalid since they are not normalisable, and that every functions for which a fourier transform exists is a valid solution.

My questions:

1. Is a plane wave a valid solution to the Schrödinger equation or not, since it is trivial to show that it does solve the S. Equation?

2. Are only functions for which a fourier transform exists solution or is that not a necessary condition?

The condition for $\psi(\boldsymbol{x},t)$ to be normalisable, i.e. $\int \mathrm{d}\boldsymbol{x}\,|\psi(\boldsymbol{x},t)|^2 < \infty,$ is a sufficient condition for the existence of the Fourier transform. However, it is not necessary. For example, the $\delta$ function is not normalisable but does possess a Fourier transform (in fact every tempered distribution does), contradicting what you were told. Thus arguments based on the existence of the Fourier transform should be avoided.
The Fourier transform of any normalisable wave function $\psi(\boldsymbol{x},t)$ ist just a decomposition of $\psi(\boldsymbol{x},t)$ into a spectrum of plane waves. Thus, while each of these waves cannot be normalised, their combination can. Certain problems become much simpler when expressed in the wave domain, i.e. when Fourier transforming the Schrödinger equation (and the wave function). This is why plane waves are important wave functions to consider.
• Just one more thing : If I get an initial wave function let's say $\psi(x,0)$, I then find the amplitude function $A(k)$$=\int^{\infty}_{-\infty}\psi(x,0)e^{ik x}dx$, then $\psi(x,t)=\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}A(k)e^{ikx}\space e^{i\omega t}dk$ ,where $k= \omega/c$. So I can "decompose" a "initial condition" wave function in terms of a continous spectrum of plane waves and then "sum" them all together to get the time evolution of the function, since the time evolution of each plane wave is known. Is that correct ? – Luka8281 Oct 6 '16 at 18:27
• I made an error with $k=\omega /c$ just forget that part... omega is corresponding to k, thats what I meant to say – Luka8281 Oct 6 '16 at 18:48