Non-homogeneous Ising model in one dimension In formula of Hamiltonian for Ising model in one dimension we have $J_{ij}$. usually, we take  $J_{ij}$ as a constant. In this way it is called homogeneous Ising model. My question is if we take $J_{ij}$ as a variable depends on sites $i$ and $j$ in which $i$ and $j$ are neighbors, then how its physics differs from homogeneous Ising model? is there any property that we can obtain just from inhomogeneous Ising model while we can not obtain it from homogeneous Ising model?
 A: If $J_{ij}$ is not a constant, you are introducing disorder in your system, and the physics becomes incredibly more complicated. Basically, the system becomes a spin glass.
There are many popular models which consider the case in which $J_{ij}$ is a variable.


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*In the Edwards-Anderson (EA) model, $J_{ij}$ is taken to be a normally distributed random variable and the interaction is only between nearest neighbors (short-ranged interaction). It was suggested by Boettcher that the EA model has lower critical dimension $d_l\simeq2.5$, which means that below this dimension there is no phase transition (in particular, no phase transition would be present in $d=2$ and $d=1$, while the homogeneous Ising Model has no phase transition in $d=1$ but it has it in $d=2$).

*In the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick (SK) model, $J_{ij}$ is taken to be a normally distributed random variable, like in the EA model, but each spin interacts with every other spin (long-ranged inteaction). This is equivalent to a mean-field approximation; in a certain sense, it is equivalent to the EA model in infinite dimension. An analytical solution was found by Giorgio Parisi using the replica method.

*In the bond-diluted Ising model, you simply "turn off" some of the interactions (i.e. you set $J_{ij}=0$) with probability $1-p$. Also in this case, there is no phase transition in $d=1$.

