If Tachyons exists, can they escape event horizon?

Question

I was just wondering that, Tachyons travel faster than the speed of light. So in theory, if Tachyons exists can they escape event horizon?

Answer 1

So this problem depends on both the vacuum of field theory and the notion of the causal wedge in GR. In case of quantum mechanics, there exist particles such as tachyons which essentially travel outside of the light cone which is defined by GR and hence one would be justified in asking if whether a tachyon can escape a black hole.

However, a tachyon in a more formal field theoretic setting is essentially when the mass of some field $\phi$ $$m_\phi^2 < 0$$ in which case the field theory vacuum undergoes a spontaneous symmetry breaking and assumes a different value in terms of the expectation value of $m_\phi^2$. Now, if this field $\phi$ is what determines the vacuum structure of the black hole interior, which is unknown in a formal setting (see papers on the interior Hilbert space of the black hole and complementarity), then any tachyonic mode will lead to a phase transition and an instability in the vacuum. However, when we consider phase transition and black holes, I must point out that the way to define an instability is to construct the instability on the horizon and see if it obeys the correct thermodynamic properties at asymptotic infinity or the boundary of spacetime. So regarding tachyonic modes in the interior, I am quite in the dark.

So in a nutshell, creating a tachyon itself would lead to some form of a spontaneous phase transition in which the tachyonic mode no longer exists. So from a rigourous QFT + GR setting, I don't think tachyons exist the way it is portrayed in simpler QM models. So no, tachyons will not escape the horizon simply because the theory will not allow for them to exist.

Answer 2

I agree with what was said above. A Tachyon is simply a particle that travels faster then the speed of light. If it was just 1 m/s faster than light it would be a Tachyon. Yet if it was only 1 m/s faster it would definitely not escape from the point of an event horizon. It would have to be going way faster than light to escape from that point. There is no cap on how fast a Tachyon can move, so theoretically it can escape even a black hole if it was going fast enough. But that is IF Tachyons exist.