Relationship between gauss and decibels In my ongoing effort to understand the world around me, I want to wrap my head around the relationships between two units of measure. Specifically gauss and decibels.
The quandary comes from my understand of waves. Hertz is the measure between wave peaks and describes the frequency of the wave. And from what I know about sound, decibels is the measure of intensity. I've played around with a spectrum analyser designed for sound and really got an understanding of how it all works.
Then I turned my attention to electromagnetic waves. I was looking for a tool that I could use to measure electromagnetism at any given location. The first tool I came across was an electromagnetic field meter (EMF meter) which is measured in gauss. Wouldn't it be equally effective to measure in decibels?
I also could not find a conversion from one to another, so I would assume they measure different things. Can you clear this up for me?
 A: In some natural science fields physicists/engineers are faced with physical quantities, which values can span several orders of magnitude.  In such situations, writing values is very cumbersome, especially if they are used in everyday life.
A good example is intensity of the sound.  Generally, sound intensity that is audible by human ear spans over 10 orders of magnitude.  In order to make a practical notation a logarithmic scale is very useful.
Bel (B) is simply defined as a 10 base logarithm of ratio between quantity $Q$ and its reference value $Q_0$.
$$\text{B} = \log_{10} \frac{Q}{Q_0}.$$
$Q_0$ must be properly defined within particular engineering/scientific community.  Usually decibel (dB) is used
$$\text{dB} = 10 \; \log_{10} \frac{Q}{Q_0}.$$
Decibel can be used for any imaginable physical quantity: in my work I have used decibels to measure such diverse quantities from intensity of the sound to amplification of electronic circuits.
Logarithmic notation is also very useful for calculating multiplications, since they are turned into additions, e.g. if you have multistage electronic amplifier, you simply add up amplifications of individual stages.  Adding may be more tricky, but for most common cases you get used to, e.g. if you have two equal sound sources, intensity of both sources is increased by
$$10 \; \log_{10} \,2 = 3 \, \text{dB}.$$
Gauss is on the other hand an (obsolete) unit for measuring magnetic field strength.  I have never heard that decibels are used for magnetic quantities, but it is possible.  It depends on the definition, because you must know reference value in order to use them.
