How is the uncertainty principle protected for a single electron diffraction? In the experiment where electrons are sent one by one through a slit on a screen behind which there is an electron detector, the electron is said to have a definite position at the time it crosses the slit (which can be made very narrow to make $\Delta x$ as small as we like) so it must have a large uncertainty in momentum which is why the electron must diffract. Now is it not possible to measure the time taken by the electron to reach the detector wall and thus compute its momentum? How does the diffraction process make determining its momentum harder? If I know the position of the point which lights up in the detector wall and the time taken by the electron to reach there from the slit I can easily calculate $p_x, p_y$. Does this not violate the uncertainty relation if my slit is arbitrarily small.?
 A: The problem discussed here is about the duality of wave/particle. The physics of an electron is quantum mechanics, and the duality wave-particle is crucial. In fact, an electron is neither a particle(sphere) neither a wave. In the double slit experiment, the electron can be considered as a particle when the detector perturb the system, or like a wave without the detector perturbing the system. 
If the electron is behaving like a particle, it will NOT have an interference pattern, and passing like a sphere through only one in the holes. But when the electron is not perturbed with a measurement, it will behave like a wave PASSING through all holes. More here(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-slit_experiment)
An interesting question is the scale of the measurement(perturbation). We expect that an infinitesimal perturbation to change a little bit the behavior of the system, and a smaller perturbation to change drastically the behavior of the system destroying the wave behavior. But in fact even a smaller perturbation destroy the wave nature of the particle.
A: Tennis balls. You have to aim at either slit. Direction in a straight line we all can understand. You cannot fire a single electon. No gun ever made can do that. Imagine that you have to fire one electron/photon through a vacuum at the speed of light at a detector. The single photon will not disappear when fired through a gap. It will hit the detector. Another seperate photon when fired through another gap (n)mm away (n)seconds later will hit the same detector screen at the angle between the gun and the second slit. The gun has to change its firing angle to fire the the single photon. Ergo, when the third electron/photon is fired at the wall between the gaps the photon will hit the wall. A detectoral dud.
 Fire a million electrons/photons in a broad field you will get a diffraction pattern like a wave on the detector. This is because light bounces off things. (air molecules in particular.) It is the spread of many photons (zillions) at once that causes the diffraction pattern. In reality you cannot expect to fire one electron and watch it go through two slits. In reality you cannot observe anything other than complex fractal moments of differentiation.
A: Electron diffraction pattern is different than the diffraction of laser light as for the former you need many electrons to pass the double-slit one by one in order to observe the fringes, but in a classic light like a laser (photons are so many that it is considered as a classic EM field) as soon as the laser irradiates the double-slit the pattern is created. So in the electron diffraction when you are speaking of interference fringes you are basically considering the spatial probability of electrons' distribution.
Although for one electron passing the double-slit, the probability of electron hitting different parts differ based on quantum physics, still it hits one place on your detector behind the double-slit and one needs to wait for a while to see a pattern the same as light diffraction pattern. So still your charge is conserved in amount and you do not need to integrate over the area of your detector to measure the electron charge.
