Optics phenomenon with my glasses? When I look through my glasses toward the extreme left, a very odd and intriguing phenomenon occurs: The border of everything I see is lined with a hazy blue lining on the left and a hazy yellow lining on the right. This phenomenon is reversed when I look through my glasses at the extreme right!
Is this something related to optics (e.g. polarization, refraction, etc.)?
 A: This is due to the fact that different colors of light refract through glass (or whatever your glasses are made of) at different angles. Plain white light contains all other colors within it. When a beam of white light hits your glasses at an angle the yellow/red and blue/violet light separate from the main beam due to their different energy levels (blue/violet high energy, yellow and red low energy). You should actually see red opposite of blue, but I'm guessing you see yellow only because it is more noticeable.
If you had a high quality prism you could get all the colors to separate from one another and create a full rainbow. In fact, you are observing the same phenomena that creates a rainbow, but through your glasses and not a raindrop. Look up prism refraction and you'll see all you need to know.
Edit
CarlWitthoft has kindly pointed out below that you are observing what is referred to in optics as "dispersion".
A: This is due to chromatic aberration. 

It is dependent on the chromatic dispersion of the material the lense is made of, which is the change of the index of refraction for each color. Dispersion is what causes light to be separated by a prism.
When you keep your head still and move your eyes, you change the position of your retina (i.e. your visual axis) with respect to the optical axis of the lense and thus, with the focal planes of each wavelength. 
  
This creates these color fringes around the edges of objects and would explain why the phenomenon is reversed when you look in the opposite direction. This becomes obvious when plotting the path of the light from the edges of the lense to the eye for different wavelengths and their respective focal planes.
