When you inflate a balloon and then let it go again, it will fly through the air in an unpredictable motion. My kids (1 and 3 year old) love watching this. At some point my oldest asked how it worked and why it was flying and I felt that I could answer that. (Conservation of momentum basically, only in more words.) However, then he asked why the balloon was traveling in circles (which it was, at least most of the times we released it) and I really have no idea. I hope someone here can help me.
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1$\begingroup$ possible duplicate of Why does a balloon spiral in air instead of moving in a straight line? $\endgroup$– John RennieMar 2, 2015 at 10:15
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$\begingroup$ Thanks for adding this link! The other question did not come up in the automatic suggestions when typing, but its answer is really great. $\endgroup$– VincentMar 2, 2015 at 15:07
1 Answer
My guess is that the exhaust is not perfectly in line with the balloon's centre of mass. In other words, the exhaust is slightly off-centre. That will cause the thrust of the escaping gas to push the nozzle slightly to the side, causing the balloon to rotate sightly as it travels forward. If this deflection stays constant you will get a perfect circle. If the line of thrust, and hence the deflection, changes during the motion, the path will be curved but no longer circular.
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$\begingroup$ Good answer. I would only add what every teenage rocket engineer knows - a rocket has to pass the "swing test" where you tie it to a string, at its center balance point, and swing it around you in a circle. It has a center of gravity (CG), and an aerodynamic center. The CG has to be forward of the aerodynamic center, or it will want to turn around and go backwards. If that happens under power, it will act just like your balloon :) $\endgroup$ Mar 2, 2015 at 15:30