# Highest background gamma ray energy?

What is the highest naturally occurring gamma ray energy that you would see in background? And what is it is source?

• Cosmic rays with the an energy of up to 5×1e19 eV (about 8 joule) will probably produce the highest energy gamma rays in nature and directly detected gamma energies from cosmic gamma sources range into the 100TeV range. – CuriousOne Dec 16 '14 at 9:14
• The highest ever detected is around 9*10^47 Joules of a gamma ray burst , reference :en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(energy) – Gowtham Dec 16 '14 at 9:49
• Hmm, poorly phrased question on my part. I meant what is the highest energy peak I'd expect to see from NORM in the background of my detector. Tl-208 at 2614 keV, in case anyone was interested. But great answers, thanks! – T Cardew Dec 17 '14 at 1:46

## 1 Answer

The H.E.S.S. Gamma ray observatory in the Namibian desert has sufficient collecting area that it is able to detect (via Cerenkov radiation) very rare high energy gamma rays that were simply not available to space observatories with comparatively low collecting areas.

H.E.S.S. detects high energy gamma rays from all sorts of astrophysical objects and processes. A non-comprehensive lsit would include Supernovae, pulsars, starburst galaxies and active galactic nuclei as well as some gamma rays with no obvious counterpart.

For a brief scan of the gamma ray spectra of some of the objects observed it appears that gamma rays with energies of up to 100 TeV are routinely collected. Most spectra seem to follow a declining power law at high energies, so there will be higher energy gamma rays, they are just to rare that they are not being found. A back of the envelope suggests that if you wanted to find gamma rays at 100-200 TeV, they have a flux of just below $\sim 10^{-17}$ cm$^{-2}$ TeV$^{-1}$ s$^{-1}$ (see second spectrum below), and as H.E.S.S. has an effective collecting area of 50,000 m$^{2}$ (assuming 100% detection) it could find about 10 per year.

A couple of example spectra are shown below. The first is of an unidentified source close to the Galactic plane (http://arxiv.org/abs/arXiv:0808.2641); the second appears to be associated with a supernova remnant and is apparently the strongest gamma ray source in the southern hemisphere (it is the Crab nebula in the north) (http://arxiv.org/abs/arXiv:0811.1197).

The spectra are corrected for detector efficiency, but you can see from the growing error bars that there are very few "counts" in the highest energy bins (literally one or two).

• It would be interesting to see the spectra if you have them. Is the intensity in the spectra corrected for the detection efficiency? – Floris Dec 16 '14 at 13:02
• Minor point: HESS are air Cherenkov detectors, as opposed to Milagro and its successor HAWC that are water Cherenkov detectors. – Kyle Kanos Dec 16 '14 at 14:34