What variables does the action $S$ depend on? Action is defined as, 
$$S ~=~ \int L(q, q', t) dt,$$
but my question is what variables does $S$ depend on? 
Is $S = S(q, t)$ or $S = S(q, q', t)$ where $q' := \frac{dq}{dt}$?
In Wikipedia I've read that $S = S(q(t))$ and I think that suppose, $q$ and $t$ are considered as independent coordinates. Then $S$ should depend on $q'$ also because, 
for the typical Lagrangian 
$$L ~=~ \frac{q'^2}{2} - V(q).$$ 
 A: 1) Firstly, the Lagrangian $L(q(t),v(t),t)$ at some time $t$ is a function of: 


*

*the instantaneous position $q(t)$ at the time $t$; 

*the instantaneous velocity $v(t)$ at the time $t$; and

*the time $t$ (also known as explicit time-dependence).


2) Secondly, the (off-shell) action
$$\tag{1} S[q]~:=~ \left. \int_{t_i}^{t_f}\! dt \ L(q(t),v(t),t)\right|_{v(t)=\dot{q}(t)} $$ 
is a functional of the full position curve/path $q:[t_i,t_f] \to \mathbb{R}$ for all times $t$ in the interval $[t_i,t_f]$.
3) Thirdly, if one imposes boundary conditions (B.C.), e.g. Dirichlet B.C.,
$$\tag{2} q(t_i)~=~q_i \qquad \text{and}\qquad  q(t_f)~=~q_f, $$
then there is also a notion of a (Dirichlet) on-shell action $^1$
$$\tag{3} S(q_f,t_f;q_i,t_i)~:=~S[q_{\rm cl}]$$
where $q_{\rm cl}:[t_i,t_f] \to \mathbb{R}$ is the classical path, which satisfies Euler-Lagrange equations with the Dirichlet B.C. (2). The on-shell action $S(q_f,t_f;q_i,t_i)$ is a function of


*

*the initial time $t_i$;

*the initial position $q_i$;

*the final time $t_f$; and

*the final position $q_f$.


--
$^1$ See also e.g. MTW Section 21.1. For the on-shell action $S(q_f,t_f;q_i,t_i)$ to be well-defined, there should exist a unique classical path with the B.C. (2). (Here the words on-shell and off-shell refer to whether the Euler-Lagrange equations are satisfied or not.) 
