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So I was sitting and looked at a street lamp outside my house.

It is an ordinary lamp that looks something like that: enter image description here

This lamp emits white light and it is about 20 meters from my house. It was very dark outside and the only light that was out there emerged from this lamp.

When I slightly closed my eyes, and made them look something like that : (not my eyes :) enter image description here

I noticed something very peculiar - I saw two beams of light coming out from the main light source directed up and down, but what realy astonished me was that I was able to see the colors of the rainbow splitting from those beams.

  • What is going on?
  • How the status of my eyes changes the look of the light emergin from the lamp?
  • Why almost closing my eyes creates two "beams" of lights from the lamp?
  • Why I can see the colors of the rainbow splitting out from those beams?
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  • $\begingroup$ Good question! I have also noticed this phenomenon (except for the "rainbow" part). The "beams" seem to always be perpendicular to the opening between your eyelids. So if you tilt your head sideways the "beams" turn with you. $\endgroup$
    – jkej
    Aug 16, 2014 at 21:10
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    $\begingroup$ After thinking about it for a minute, my best guess is that it is due to the light being reflected along your eyelashes, or maybe on the edges of the eyelids. $\endgroup$
    – jkej
    Aug 16, 2014 at 21:14
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    $\begingroup$ Related: physics.stackexchange.com/q/104548 physics.stackexchange.com/q/34222 $\endgroup$
    – jkej
    Aug 16, 2014 at 21:31
  • $\begingroup$ @jkej I agree. The perpendicular phenomenon is caused by eyelashes. Whenever I tried it while carefully lifting my lashes away from my eyes, it would never appear. $\endgroup$ Jul 27, 2015 at 12:43
  • $\begingroup$ wait, you mean to say our eyes come with a spectrometer!? that's really handy, albeit a bit tricky to use. $\endgroup$
    – Dmytro
    Aug 22, 2018 at 9:15

2 Answers 2

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My theory would be that your eyelids, like windscreen wiper, wipe away some of the exes water on your eyeball. Due to adhesion between the water and the eyelids the surface of this water is slightly curved near the eyelids and if the eyelids are close enough near each other this surface basically acts as a concave lens, which I tried to demonstrate in the following image:

concave lens due to curved water surface

I also tried to verify this theory by basically making myself cry (don't worry, I did not hurt myself for this or anything, I get watery eyes when I yawn). Now by looking close over my bottom eyelid, while keeping my eye open, I only noticed the bottom beam of light, because only the bottom half of the "concave lens" is in my peripheral vision. Without crying it is visible as well but less obvious.

I do not really see a rainbow very clearly in those beams, but water does has different index of refraction for visible light, also because this is also what causes rainbows to form in the first place.

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  • $\begingroup$ Wow...This is a very interesting way of thinking :) Nice answer! I would never think of that.. $\endgroup$
    – Eminem
    Aug 17, 2014 at 14:13
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Well, here's my first answer on Stack Exchange!

All light, not just visible light which we see, consists of many different electromagnetic waves. These are all part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

The "color" of the light we see is defined by the wave's wavelength.

continuous spectrum http://science.csustan.edu/chem1112_4/beers%20law/beers%20law081.htm

Here is a continuous spectrum - it contains all the different wavelengths of the visible spectrum, producing a white light.

The light can be diffracted (split) into its individual wavelengths and this is exactly what happens when light is shined at a prism, crystal, water vapor (such as in a rainbow), diffraction gratings or, in your example, an almost closed eye. prism http://blogayac.wordpress.com/2013/01/29/prism-white-light-gif/

When your eye is almost closed the eyelids form a small "aperture", or thin gap for the light to pass though (Bio people, please correct me if that was wrong). The eyeball causes the thin line of light to be split into its individual wavelengths, and the light is in essence split to different parts of your retina and not as a continuous mix and a single color as you'd normally see it. This lets you see it in a way that reveals its separate wavelengths.

Since you say the street lamp produces a white light, it is most likely a Mercury-Vapour lamp. This is a gas-discharge tube which produces light by exciting Mercury Vapor.

Here is the emission spectrum of Mercury: mercury emission spectrum http://www.a-levelphysicstutor.com/wav-em-waves.php

Note that it does not produce all wavelengths in the visible spectrum, but your eyes won't see it in such detail as it'll be rather blurred - you'll need a spectrometer to view it in more detail.

I doubt the street lamp uses and Incandescent light bulb, but if it did you'd see a near continuous spectra like the top image.

By the way, a phosphor coating is sometimes put over Mercury-Vapor lamps as it gives a better color temperature which makes it look more natural and white, so the spectrum probably looks more complete with that on. If the street lamp you saw was Mercury-Vapor then it was probably coated.

I'm not sure if my explanation of light diffraction in the eye is correct. It could bd moisture, but I would appreciate the input if someone knows for sure. Also other corrections in general, too. Thanks!

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    $\begingroup$ I think it is diffraction, but not caused by the eyelids forming a small aperture, since looking through a pinhole doesn't cause the same effect. Rather, I think it's light diffracting around the eyelashes, which I guess are quite a bit smaller. $\endgroup$
    – N. Virgo
    Aug 17, 2014 at 3:45
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    $\begingroup$ I agree with the comment of Nathaniel. One can not see the colors of the rainbow just by looking through a small hole. $\endgroup$
    – Eminem
    Aug 17, 2014 at 14:11

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