Can "state" be considered a 5th dimension? I searched for an answer to this question on Google but just found articles that mention either string theory or a 5th dimension in passing (such as Maxwell equations as they relate to Riemann curvature tensor.)
I stumped myself while driving to school today thinking about this...
We can explain an objects position in the universe by describing its spacial and time locations, such as at 2nd and 3rd street on the fifth floor at 10:00am
But is that enough to fully describe an object when you take into account Schrödinger's cat? For example, what if, Schrödinger's cat is the object that is at that location and time. It seems like you would have to have a 5th state dimension to fully explain its position, as in at 2nd and 3rd street on the fifth floor at 10:00am with a probability of .5
It seems like if we had state as an additional dimension it would help explain things like quantum entanglement as the particles could be moving away from each other in space-time but standing still in state.
Am I merely relating things that have no business being related, or is there a connection between state and dimension?
 A: It goes the other way, actually.  In the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian approaches to classical dynamics (on which the quantum theory is based), you learn about "generalized coordinates" or "degrees of freedom."  Most often this is used to reduce the complexity of a problem.  The canonical example is a clock pendulum, constrained to move in a plane.  The motion in $x$ and $y$ is rather complicated, but it becomes simpler once you realize that the only degree of freedom is the angle $\theta$ that the pendulum makes with the vertical direction.  
A more sophisticated example is the description of the motion of many coupled oscillators in terms of their "normal modes."  There is a very close connection between the normal modes of a classical oscillator and the energy eigenstates of a quantum system.
The various internal state variables that describe a quantum system are simply degrees of freedom in the Hamiltonian which don't happen to correspond to spatial position.  In quantum theory there is nothing special about the degrees of freedom corresponding to position in space apart from our macroscopic biases.  This is where you get some of the counterintuitive, non-local phenomena: QM treats position in space as no more or less special than any other degree of freedom.
