Why do we set $x^0 = ct$ instead of $x^0 = t$? When we deal with Special Relativity and we start considering spacetime instead of space and time each at once, we usually see books saying that we consider a space with four coordinate $x^\alpha$ with $x^0 = ct$. We also consider this manifold to be $\mathbb{R}^4$ and give to it the metric tensor $g = \operatorname{diag}(-1,1,1,1)$. Now, why $x^0 = ct$ and not just $x^0 = t$? One possible answer might be "so that all coordinates are measured with the same units", but isn't there any deeper meaning?
 A: But that's exactly the deeper meaning! Setting things up so that all coordinates are in the same units (besides being a reasonable requirement for $x^\mu$ to be considered a four-vector) is a constant reminder that time is really not that different from space. In fact, if it weren't for that sign in the metric, spacetime would be completely symmetric in its coordinates.
This is made even more apparent when we switch to a system of units in which $c = 1$. Now we don't even have to make a decision to set $x^0 = ct$, because by measuring both time and space in meters (or seconds if you prefer), we have completely abandoned the notion of time being a distinct entity which is somehow independent from space.
A: 
Why do we set x0=ct instead of x0=t?

Nobody holds us to set x0=t and measure the time in centimeters of the travel of the clock's pointer. Or measure it by the change in the circumference of the earth during the day night cycle, or... It is a matter of calibrating time to centimeters in terms that are universal and unique. When the Lorenz transformations in Maxwell's equations framework showed that light has a fixed given and unique velocity the problem of calibration is solved uniquely in a manner physically meaningful  for all physical ( and physics) frameworks.
