Position in circular motion Is it possible to determine the position of a particle undergoing circular motion, in x-y coordinates, at any given time and velocity?
I'm thinking it has something to do with $\pi$
 A: Yes, unless you want to be very picky.  The coordinates are described by the trig functions sine and cosine.
Suppose something is moving on a circle with radius $R$, so its $x$ and $y$ coordinates obey
$$x^2 + y^2 = R^2$$
If it moves at a uniform velocity of $v$, then the angle its path subtends is linear in time (by dimensional analysis), so we can define the angle $\theta$ as
$$\theta = vt/R$$
One full rotation turns out to be an angle of about 6.28, but it's really a transcendental number, $2\pi$.
If you draw a circle, then draw the angle from the equation above, you find a unique intersection point that tells you where the object is.  If you project that point onto the $x$ and $y$ axes, you've graphically determined the coordinates.

The coordinate you obtain, for a given angle, is linear in $R$ (again by dimensional analysis, coupled with a feature of Euclidean geometry - that it has no innate length scale), so if we divide the coordinates by $R$ we get two functions that map $[0,2\pi) \to [-1,1]$ because $-1$ and $1$ are the minimum and maximum values, since $-R$ and $R$ are the minimum and maximum values of the coordinates.
These functions are give the names "cosine" and "sine", and we say
$$x/R = \cos\theta$$
$$y/R = \sin\theta$$
The sine and cosine functions can be represented as infinite series,
$$\cos\theta = 1 - \theta^2/2 + \theta^4/24 - \ldots$$
$$\sin\theta = \theta - \theta^3/6 + \theta^5/120 - \ldots$$
We know many of the properties of these functions, and they are used extensively in mathematics and physics.  You can calculate their values to high precision with a computer.  However, we cannot simply write down exactly what $\sin(1)$ is in any simple way that you can explain to an elementary-school student.  If you want to know what it is, you can simply use a calculator, like this.
A: Of course. How do you represent a position in 2d space? as a couple of numbers, right? Just make them variables, functions in respect to time. The following functions describe circular motion (with radius a):
$x(t)=a \sin(t)$
$y(t)=a \cos(t)$
Here, go to this site: http://fooplot.com , change the style to parametric (they use $s$ instead of $t$) and use the above functions. Try different functions :)
I'm not sure if I answered your question.. What level are you?
