Skip to main content
added 52 characters in body
Source Link
JohnA.
  • 1.8k
  • 5
  • 24

Peskin:

by taking $T$ to $\infty$ in a slightly imaginary direction: $T → \infty(1 - i\epsilon)$

where $\epsilon >0$.

We can take $T → \infty(1 + i\epsilon)$, $\epsilon >0$ and this is still a slightly imaginary direction. And thus you can continue down the desired path. The pre-factor in front of all the $E_n >0$ on the dual space summation is $$e^{iE_nT(1+i\epsilon)} = e^{-E_n\epsilon T}e^{iE_nT}$$ which has the desired effect of cancelling the higher order terms as $T\rightarrow\infty$ faster than the $E_0$ term.

Further explanation:

When the Epsilon trick is introduced in Srednicki (Ch 6), he concludes

What all this means is that if we use $(1−i\epsilon)H$ instead of $H$, we can be cavalier about the boundary conditions on the endpoints of the path. Any reasonable boundary conditions will result in the ground state as both the initial and final state. Thus we have enter image description here$$\langle 0|0\rangle_{f,h} = \int \mathscr{D}p\mathscr{D}q\exp\Big[i\int_\infty^\infty dt\big(p\dot{q}-(1-i\epsilon)H+fq+hp\big)\Big]$$

Srednicki does this to $H$ rather that to $T$ but its equivalent, and for the same reason (i.e. getting rid of the additional states).

Down the line, we learn that taking $ H \rightarrow H(1-i\epsilon)$ is the same as taking $ m^2 \rightarrow m^2-i\epsilon$ which results in this Feynman propagator $$\Delta (x-x') = \int \frac{d^4k}{(2\pi)^4}\frac{e^{ik(x-x')}}{k^2+m^2-i\epsilon}$$ and so the loop correction integral in Chapter 14 looks like $$\int \frac{d^d q}{(2\pi)}\int_0^1 dx \big[q^2 +D-i\epsilon\big]^{-2}$$

and so the poles look like this:

enter image description here

However, if we take $ H \rightarrow H(1+i\epsilon)$ and so $ m^2 \rightarrow m^2+i\epsilon$ the poles will shift to

enter image description here

but we have to do the Wick rotation the opposite of shown in the picture (i.e clockwise). Related and Related.

Peskin:

by taking $T$ to $\infty$ in a slightly imaginary direction: $T → \infty(1 - i\epsilon)$

where $\epsilon >0$.

We can take $T → \infty(1 + i\epsilon)$, $\epsilon >0$ and this is still a slightly imaginary direction. And thus you can continue down the desired path. The pre-factor in front of all the $E_n >0$ on the dual space summation is $$e^{iE_nT(1+i\epsilon)} = e^{-E_n\epsilon T}e^{iE_nT}$$ which has the desired effect of cancelling the higher order terms as $T\rightarrow\infty$ faster than the $E_0$ term.

Further explanation:

When the Epsilon trick is introduced in Srednicki (Ch 6), he concludes

What all this means is that if we use $(1−i\epsilon)H$ instead of $H$, we can be cavalier about the boundary conditions on the endpoints of the path. Any reasonable boundary conditions will result in the ground state as both the initial and final state. Thus we have enter image description here

Srednicki does this to $H$ rather that to $T$ but its equivalent, and for the same reason (i.e. getting rid of the additional states).

Down the line, we learn that taking $ H \rightarrow H(1-i\epsilon)$ is the same as taking $ m^2 \rightarrow m^2-i\epsilon$ which results in this Feynman propagator $$\Delta (x-x') = \int \frac{d^4k}{(2\pi)^4}\frac{e^{ik(x-x')}}{k^2+m^2-i\epsilon}$$ and so the loop correction integral in Chapter 14 looks like $$\int \frac{d^d q}{(2\pi)}\int_0^1 dx \big[q^2 +D-i\epsilon\big]^{-2}$$

and so the poles look like this:

enter image description here

However, if we take $ H \rightarrow H(1+i\epsilon)$ and so $ m^2 \rightarrow m^2+i\epsilon$ the poles will shift to

enter image description here

but we have to do the Wick rotation the opposite of shown in the picture (i.e clockwise). Related and Related.

Peskin:

by taking $T$ to $\infty$ in a slightly imaginary direction: $T → \infty(1 - i\epsilon)$

where $\epsilon >0$.

We can take $T → \infty(1 + i\epsilon)$, $\epsilon >0$ and this is still a slightly imaginary direction. And thus you can continue down the desired path. The pre-factor in front of all the $E_n >0$ on the dual space summation is $$e^{iE_nT(1+i\epsilon)} = e^{-E_n\epsilon T}e^{iE_nT}$$ which has the desired effect of cancelling the higher order terms as $T\rightarrow\infty$ faster than the $E_0$ term.

Further explanation:

When the Epsilon trick is introduced in Srednicki (Ch 6), he concludes

What all this means is that if we use $(1−i\epsilon)H$ instead of $H$, we can be cavalier about the boundary conditions on the endpoints of the path. Any reasonable boundary conditions will result in the ground state as both the initial and final state. Thus we have $$\langle 0|0\rangle_{f,h} = \int \mathscr{D}p\mathscr{D}q\exp\Big[i\int_\infty^\infty dt\big(p\dot{q}-(1-i\epsilon)H+fq+hp\big)\Big]$$

Srednicki does this to $H$ rather that to $T$ but its equivalent, and for the same reason (i.e. getting rid of the additional states).

Down the line, we learn that taking $ H \rightarrow H(1-i\epsilon)$ is the same as taking $ m^2 \rightarrow m^2-i\epsilon$ which results in this Feynman propagator $$\Delta (x-x') = \int \frac{d^4k}{(2\pi)^4}\frac{e^{ik(x-x')}}{k^2+m^2-i\epsilon}$$ and so the loop correction integral in Chapter 14 looks like $$\int \frac{d^d q}{(2\pi)}\int_0^1 dx \big[q^2 +D-i\epsilon\big]^{-2}$$

and so the poles look like this:

enter image description here

However, if we take $ H \rightarrow H(1+i\epsilon)$ and so $ m^2 \rightarrow m^2+i\epsilon$ the poles will shift to

enter image description here

but we have to do the Wick rotation the opposite of shown in the picture (i.e clockwise). Related and Related.

added 162 characters in body
Source Link
JohnA.
  • 1.8k
  • 5
  • 24

Peskin:

by taking $T$ to $\infty$ in a slightly imaginary direction: $T → \infty(1 - i\epsilon)$

where $\epsilon >0$.

We can take $T → \infty(1 + i\epsilon)$, $\epsilon >0$ and this is still a slightly imaginary direction. And thus you can continue down the desired path. The pre-factor in front of all the $E_n >0$ on the dual space summation is $$e^{iE_nT(1+i\epsilon)} = e^{-E_n\epsilon T}e^{iE_nT}$$ which has the desired effect of cancelling the higher order terms as $T\rightarrow\infty$ faster than the $E_0$ term.

Further explanation:

When the Epsilon trick is introduced in Srednicki (Ch 6), he concludes

What all this means is that if we use $(1−i\epsilon)H$ instead of $H$, we can be cavalier about the boundary conditions on the endpoints of the path. Any reasonable boundary conditions will result in the ground state as both the initial and final state. Thus we have enter image description here

Srednicki does this to $H$ rather that to $T$ but its equivalent, and for the same reason (i.e. getting rid of the additional states).

Down the line, we learn that taking $ H \rightarrow H(1-i\epsilon)$ is the same as taking $ m^2 \rightarrow m^2-i\epsilon$ which results in this Feynman propagator $$\Delta (x-x') = \int \frac{d^4k}{(2\pi)^4}\frac{e^{ik(x-x')}}{k^2+m^2-i\epsilon}$$ and so the loop correction integral in Chapter 14 looks like $$\int \frac{d^d q}{(2\pi)}\int_0^1 dx \big[q^2 +D-i\epsilon\big]^{-2}$$

and so the poles look like this:

enter image description here

However, if we take $ H \rightarrow H(1+i\epsilon)$ and so $ m^2 \rightarrow m^2+i\epsilon$ the poles will shift to

enter image description here

but we have to do the Wick rotation the opposite of shown in the picture (i.e clockwise). Related and Related.

Peskin:

by taking $T$ to $\infty$ in a slightly imaginary direction: $T → \infty(1 - i\epsilon)$

where $\epsilon >0$.

We can take $T → \infty(1 + i\epsilon)$, $\epsilon >0$ and this is still a slightly imaginary direction. And thus you can continue down the desired path.

Further explanation:

When the Epsilon trick is introduced in Srednicki (Ch 6), he concludes

What all this means is that if we use $(1−i\epsilon)H$ instead of $H$, we can be cavalier about the boundary conditions on the endpoints of the path. Any reasonable boundary conditions will result in the ground state as both the initial and final state. Thus we have enter image description here

Srednicki does this to $H$ rather that to $T$ but its equivalent, and for the same reason (i.e. getting rid of the additional states).

Down the line, we learn that taking $ H \rightarrow H(1-i\epsilon)$ is the same as taking $ m^2 \rightarrow m^2-i\epsilon$ which results in this Feynman propagator $$\Delta (x-x') = \int \frac{d^4k}{(2\pi)^4}\frac{e^{ik(x-x')}}{k^2+m^2-i\epsilon}$$ and so the loop correction integral in Chapter 14 looks like $$\int \frac{d^d q}{(2\pi)}\int_0^1 dx \big[q^2 +D-i\epsilon\big]^{-2}$$

and so the poles look like this:

enter image description here

However, if we take $ H \rightarrow H(1+i\epsilon)$ and so $ m^2 \rightarrow m^2+i\epsilon$ the poles will shift to

enter image description here

but we have to do the Wick rotation the opposite of shown in the picture (i.e clockwise). Related and Related.

Peskin:

by taking $T$ to $\infty$ in a slightly imaginary direction: $T → \infty(1 - i\epsilon)$

where $\epsilon >0$.

We can take $T → \infty(1 + i\epsilon)$, $\epsilon >0$ and this is still a slightly imaginary direction. And thus you can continue down the desired path. The pre-factor in front of all the $E_n >0$ on the dual space summation is $$e^{iE_nT(1+i\epsilon)} = e^{-E_n\epsilon T}e^{iE_nT}$$ which has the desired effect of cancelling the higher order terms as $T\rightarrow\infty$ faster than the $E_0$ term.

Further explanation:

When the Epsilon trick is introduced in Srednicki (Ch 6), he concludes

What all this means is that if we use $(1−i\epsilon)H$ instead of $H$, we can be cavalier about the boundary conditions on the endpoints of the path. Any reasonable boundary conditions will result in the ground state as both the initial and final state. Thus we have enter image description here

Srednicki does this to $H$ rather that to $T$ but its equivalent, and for the same reason (i.e. getting rid of the additional states).

Down the line, we learn that taking $ H \rightarrow H(1-i\epsilon)$ is the same as taking $ m^2 \rightarrow m^2-i\epsilon$ which results in this Feynman propagator $$\Delta (x-x') = \int \frac{d^4k}{(2\pi)^4}\frac{e^{ik(x-x')}}{k^2+m^2-i\epsilon}$$ and so the loop correction integral in Chapter 14 looks like $$\int \frac{d^d q}{(2\pi)}\int_0^1 dx \big[q^2 +D-i\epsilon\big]^{-2}$$

and so the poles look like this:

enter image description here

However, if we take $ H \rightarrow H(1+i\epsilon)$ and so $ m^2 \rightarrow m^2+i\epsilon$ the poles will shift to

enter image description here

but we have to do the Wick rotation the opposite of shown in the picture (i.e clockwise). Related and Related.

Post Undeleted by JohnA.
Post Deleted by JohnA.
added 99 characters in body
Source Link
JohnA.
  • 1.8k
  • 5
  • 24

Peskin:

by taking $T$ to $\infty$ in a slightly imaginary direction: $T → \infty(1 - i\epsilon)$

where $\epsilon >0$.

We can take $T → \infty(1 + i\epsilon)$, $\epsilon >0$ and this is still a slightly imaginary direction. And thus you can continue down the desired path.

Further explanation:

When the Epsilon trick is introduced in Srednicki (Ch 6), he concludes

What all this means is that if we use $(1−i\epsilon)H$ instead of $H$, we can be cavalier about the boundary conditions on the endpoints of the path. Any reasonable boundary conditions will result in the ground state as both the initial and final state. Thus we have enter image description here

Srednicki does this to $H$ rather that to $T$ but its equivalent, and for the same reason (i.e. getting rid of the additional states).

Down the line, we learn that taking $ H \rightarrow H(1-i\epsilon)$ is the same as taking $ m^2 \rightarrow m^2-i\epsilon$ which results in this Feynman propagator $$\Delta (x-x') = \int \frac{d^4k}{(2\pi)^4}\frac{e^{ik(x-x')}}{k^2+m^2-i\epsilon}$$ and so the loop correction integral in Chapter 14 looks like $$\int \frac{d^d q}{(2\pi)}\int_0^1 dx \big[q^2 +D-i\epsilon\big]^{-2}$$

and so the poles look like this:

enter image description here

However, if we take $ H \rightarrow H(1+i\epsilon)$ and so $ m^2 \rightarrow m^2+i\epsilon$ the poles will shift to

enter image description here

but we have to do the Wick rotation the opposite of shown in the picture (i.e clockwise). Related and Related.

Peskin:

by taking $T$ to $\infty$ in a slightly imaginary direction: $T → \infty(1 - i\epsilon)$

where $\epsilon >0$.

We can take $T → \infty(1 + i\epsilon)$, $\epsilon >0$ and this is still a slightly imaginary direction. And thus you can continue down the desired path.

Further explanation:

When the Epsilon trick is introduced in Srednicki (Ch 6), he concludes

What all this means is that if we use $(1−i\epsilon)H$ instead of $H$, we can be cavalier about the boundary conditions on the endpoints of the path. Any reasonable boundary conditions will result in the ground state as both the initial and final state. Thus we have enter image description here

Srednicki does this to $H$ rather that to $T$ but its equivalent, and for the same reason (i.e. getting rid of the additional states).

Down the line, we learn that taking $ H \rightarrow H(1-i\epsilon)$ is the same as taking $ m^2 \rightarrow m^2-i\epsilon$ which results in this Feynman propagator $$\Delta (x-x') = \int \frac{d^4k}{(2\pi)^4}\frac{e^{ik(x-x')}}{k^2+m^2-i\epsilon}$$ and so the loop correction integral in Chapter 14 looks like $$\int \frac{d^d q}{(2\pi)}\int_0^1 dx \big[q^2 +D-i\epsilon\big]^{-2}$$

and so the poles look like this:

enter image description here

However, if we take $ H \rightarrow H(1+i\epsilon)$ and so $ m^2 \rightarrow m^2+i\epsilon$ the poles will shift to

enter image description here

but we have to do the Wick rotation the opposite of shown in the picture (i.e clockwise). Related

Peskin:

by taking $T$ to $\infty$ in a slightly imaginary direction: $T → \infty(1 - i\epsilon)$

where $\epsilon >0$.

We can take $T → \infty(1 + i\epsilon)$, $\epsilon >0$ and this is still a slightly imaginary direction. And thus you can continue down the desired path.

Further explanation:

When the Epsilon trick is introduced in Srednicki (Ch 6), he concludes

What all this means is that if we use $(1−i\epsilon)H$ instead of $H$, we can be cavalier about the boundary conditions on the endpoints of the path. Any reasonable boundary conditions will result in the ground state as both the initial and final state. Thus we have enter image description here

Srednicki does this to $H$ rather that to $T$ but its equivalent, and for the same reason (i.e. getting rid of the additional states).

Down the line, we learn that taking $ H \rightarrow H(1-i\epsilon)$ is the same as taking $ m^2 \rightarrow m^2-i\epsilon$ which results in this Feynman propagator $$\Delta (x-x') = \int \frac{d^4k}{(2\pi)^4}\frac{e^{ik(x-x')}}{k^2+m^2-i\epsilon}$$ and so the loop correction integral in Chapter 14 looks like $$\int \frac{d^d q}{(2\pi)}\int_0^1 dx \big[q^2 +D-i\epsilon\big]^{-2}$$

and so the poles look like this:

enter image description here

However, if we take $ H \rightarrow H(1+i\epsilon)$ and so $ m^2 \rightarrow m^2+i\epsilon$ the poles will shift to

enter image description here

but we have to do the Wick rotation the opposite of shown in the picture (i.e clockwise). Related and Related.

added 5 characters in body
Source Link
JohnA.
  • 1.8k
  • 5
  • 24
Loading
Added a link
Source Link
JohnA.
  • 1.8k
  • 5
  • 24
Loading
added 170 characters in body
Source Link
JohnA.
  • 1.8k
  • 5
  • 24
Loading
added 1 character in body
Source Link
JohnA.
  • 1.8k
  • 5
  • 24
Loading
added 2 characters in body
Source Link
JohnA.
  • 1.8k
  • 5
  • 24
Loading
added 2 characters in body
Source Link
JohnA.
  • 1.8k
  • 5
  • 24
Loading
Source Link
JohnA.
  • 1.8k
  • 5
  • 24
Loading