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Nov 8, 2023 at 17:54 comment added naturallyInconsistent For a long time, QCD simulations simply ignored the electromagnetic interaction as being too small a perturbation. A first estimate by considering the nuclei as a roughly constant charge density liquid drop provides a great averaged contribution. Only in the recent decade have people started to add the perturbation of actual QED interaction to the behaviour of quarks.
Nov 8, 2023 at 8:00 comment added Hyperon @NadavHar'El I have now included now both effects in my answer.
Nov 8, 2023 at 7:56 history edited Hyperon CC BY-SA 4.0
Answer expanded.
Nov 8, 2023 at 7:53 comment added Nadav Har'El According to physics.stackexchange.com/a/34262/219989, " it's mostly the fact that the down quark is heavier than the up quark that makes the neutron heavier than the proton" - not the different charge.
Nov 8, 2023 at 7:16 history answered Hyperon CC BY-SA 4.0