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Sep 9, 2023 at 2:14 comment added Bob D But if one were to refer to the internal energy of an object-earth system one might include both the mechanical energy of the system together with the molecular KE and PE of all the components of the system, which is what I did in my answer
Sep 9, 2023 at 2:08 comment added Bob D Internal energy in thermodynamics generally refers to the KE and PE of the system at the atomic/molecular level, and not the KE or PE of the system, as a whole, including gravitational potential energy, called the mechanical energy of the system.. The general form of the first law does include mechanical energy. See my answer to the following post physics.stackexchange.com/questions/746969/…
Sep 9, 2023 at 1:50 comment added Varidhi Shayana Thank you. Does that mean the potential energy (in thermodynamics) refers only to (internal) conservative forces, acting between components of the same system?
Sep 9, 2023 at 1:40 history answered Bob D CC BY-SA 4.0