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Aug 15, 2023 at 15:12 comment added John Doty @The_Sympathizer Indeed. Maxwell's equations tell you very little about what goes on in a transistor. A BSIM3 model of a transistor has ~150 parameters, and it's far from mathematically exact. And then, a circuit may contain billions of transistors. So, how do we deal with this mathematically? Well, we manage by choosing the modeling approaches that approximately answer the questions we have. No "universal" model can do this.
S Aug 15, 2023 at 14:34 history suggested Trunk CC BY-SA 4.0
Rephrased for clarity
Aug 15, 2023 at 12:58 review Suggested edits
S Aug 15, 2023 at 14:34
Aug 12, 2023 at 20:40 comment added The_Sympathizer An important addition here: Maxwell's equations are, by themselves, insufficient as a model. You need to couple them to some sort of model for the behavior of the electric "fluid" involved (i.e. the charge density, $\rho_q$, whose flow becomes the current density, $\mathbf{J}$.). This is needed as soon as you want to try and derive, say, Ohm's law, or even Kirchhoff's junction law (which is in effect a statement that the electric fluid is incompressible as well as conserved, since a compressible electric fluid could "pile up" in, or "dissipate from", a point). The rest is on point, though.
Aug 12, 2023 at 16:33 history answered Cort Ammon CC BY-SA 4.0