They can, but would be less efficient than solar sails.
First, you would have to add the mass of the light-producing equipment and whatever powered it to your spacecraft, meaning you need more force to get the same acceleration.
Second you lose a factor of two in the rate of change of momentum, because a light sail is designed to be reflective. This means an incidenta photon of momentum $p$ incident on a reflective sail gives $\sim 2p$ of momentum to the spacecraft, whereas simply ejecting the same photon from the spacecraft would give a momentum boost of just $p$.
Of course sails can have other problems (e.g. difficult to use when you are far away from any light source).